基于边长约束网平差的微型GNSS阵列高精度定位方法  

High-precision positioning method of miniature GNSS array based onside length constraint network adjustment

作　　者：东旭华 郭金运[1] 孔巧丽[1] 金鑫[1] 赵春梅 DONG Xuhua;GUO Jinyun;KONG Qiaoli;JIN Xin;ZHAO Chunmei(College of Geodesy and Geomatics,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China;Beijing Fangshan Satellite Laser Ranging National Observation and Research Station,Beijing 100830,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院,山东青岛266590 [2]北京房山人卫激光国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100830

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期21-30,共10页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41774001,41704015);国家测绘自主可控专项(816-517)。

摘　　要：针对目前全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)动态观测中存在短时间内难以得到较为精确坐标的现象,提出由相距极短的GNSS天线\接收机组成且空间分布已知的微型GNSS阵列定位的方法。载波相位双差观测可以消除载波信号中的接收机钟差和卫星钟钟差,对流层延迟误差、电离层延迟误差、卫星星历误差经过双差观测后也可以忽略不计,从而得到高精度的动态基线向量。本研究以经过载波相位双差观测后得到的高精度动态基线向量为观测量,并通过激光跟踪仪进行距离测量确定阵列天线之间的边长,以边长为约束,对微型GNSS阵列进行边长约束网平差,进而得到阵列中天线的精确坐标。结果显示:对微型GNSS阵列中所有独立基线的边长进行约束是所有约束网平差中精度最高的方案,微型GNSS阵列中的天线经过平差解算后比不添加约束的网平差的精度提高了20%以上。Considering the difficulty in abtaining more accurate coordinates in a short time in the current GNSS dynamic observation,a miniature GNSS array positioning method composed of GNSS antennas or receivers with known spatial distribution and short distance is proposed in this paper.The carrier phase double-difference observation could eliminate the receiver clock errors and satellite clock errors in the carrier signal.In addition,tropospheric delay errors,ionospheric delay errors,and satellite ephemeris errors could be ignored after double-difference observations,thus obtaining high-precision dynamic baseline vector.By taking the high-precision dynamic baseline vector obtained after the carrier phase double-difference observation as the observed value and the side length between the miniature GNSS array antennas determined by the Laser Tracker System distance measurement as constraints,the network adjustment was performed to obtain the precise coordinates of the antenna in the miniature GNSS array.The results show that restricting the side lengths of all independent baselines in the miniature GNSS array is the most accurate solution in all constraint network adjustments.Compared with the network adjustment without adding constraints,the accuracy is improved by more than 20%.

关 键 词：微型GNSS阵列 边长约束网平差 载波相位双差观测 基线向量 高精度 

分 类 号：P228.4[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]