不同货物运输方式的大气污染物排放对比及减排潜力分析  

Comparison of air pollutants emissions and reduction potential of different freight transportation modes

作　　者：许康利 田野 王聘玺 薛亦峰[1] 魏小强[4] 张世豪 XU Kangli;TIAN Ye;WANG Pinxi;XUE Yifeng;WEI Xiaoqiang;ZHANG Shihao(National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037;Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau,Beijing 100048;Beijing Transport Institute,Beijing 100045;China Communications Information Center Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100101;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [2]北京市生态环境局,北京100048 [3]北京市交通发展研究院,北京100045 [4]中国交通信息中心有限公司,北京100101 [5]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2021年第3期322-326,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：北京市生态环境局工作项目(No.2019147);能源基金会研究项目(No.2019153)。

摘　　要：以北京市为研究对象,对比分析了3种货物运输方式(公路、铁路和民航)的大气污染物排放特征和排放贡献,并对货物运输行业的污染减排潜力进行评估,进而提出调整和优化货物运输结构的建议。研究结果表明:(1)公路运输大气污染物排放强度较大,5种大气污染物(CO、NO x、PM_(2.5)、PM 10和VOCs)排放强度为1.746 g/(t·km),分别为铁路和民航运输的17.0、4.0倍;(2)2017年北京市货物运输5种大气污染物排放量接近3.4万t,占北京市排放总量的3.1%,其中NO x排放量最大,约为1.3万t,占北京市NO x排放总量的10.5%;(3)北京市货物运输结构不尽合理,公路、民航和铁路运输对排放量的贡献分别为82.7%、9.8%、7.5%,公路运输比重过大;(4)对于污染减排,一方面要充分利用铁路资源,提高铁路货物运输比例,另一方面对于近距离不可替代的公路货物运输,要推动新能源运输车辆的应用。This paper took Beijing as the research object,comparatively analyzed the emission characteristics and contribution of three types of freight transportation(road,railway and civil aviation),and evaluated the pollution reduction potential of freight transportation.The measures of adjusting and optimizing the freight transportation structure were proposed.The results showed that:(1)the air pollutants intensity of road freight transportation was relatively high,and total emission intensity of CO,NO x,PM_(2.5),PM 10 and VOCs was 1.746 g/(t·km),which was respectively 17.0 and 4.0 times of railway and civil aviation transportation.(2)The air pollutants emissions from freight transportation of Beijing in 2017 were near 34000 t,accounting for 3.1%of Beijing’s total emissions,of which NO x emissions were about 13000 t,contributing 10.5%of the total emissions of NO x.(3)The structure of Beijing’s freight transportation was not reasonable,and road,civil aviation and railway transportation contributed 82.7%,9.8%and 7.5%of pollutant emissions,respectively,the proportion of road transportation was too large.(4)As for pollution reduction potential,it was necessary to make full use of railway resources and increase the proportion of railway freight transportation.On the other hand,for the close-range irreplaceable road freight,the application of new energy transportation vehicles should be promoted.

关 键 词：货物运输 污染减排潜力 排放强度 措施建议 

分 类 号：X73[环境科学与工程—环境工程]