湘南地区优良千年桐雌株初步选择与评价  

Preliminary selection and evaluation of female trees of excellent Aleurites Montana in southern Hunan

作　　者：刘俊涛 张鸽 沈燕 贾黎明[2] 王瑞辉[1] 龙达 刘凯利 肖雅迪 宋述芹 龚映匀 赵苏亚 LIU Juntao;ZHANG Ge;SHEN Yan;JIA liming;WANG Ruihui;LONG Da;LIU Kaili;XIAO Yadi;SONG Shuqin;GONG Yingyun;ZHAO Suya(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Hebei Institute of Environmental Engineering,Qinghuangdao 066102,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]北京林业大学,北京100083 [3]河北环境工程学院,河北秦皇岛066102

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第1期50-59,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2018NK2044);湖南省科技厅项目(2015IVK2020);郴州国盛生物能源股份有限公司技术开发项目(2014430001000728)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立千年桐优株选择综合评价体系,进行千年桐优株的准确评价,为千年桐育种奠定理论基础。【方法】以湘南地区实生繁殖的进入盛果期的5000 hm2千年桐为选优林分,根据单株结果数、单株产果量、树体大小、树形、果实聚集度等表型指标初步确定565株千年桐,通过复选确定40株备选优树,再从40株备选优树中筛选出优株。根据对单株结果量、单株产果量、冠高比、冠形指数、鲜果单果质量、鲜果出籽率、干籽出仁率、种仁含油率、病虫害程度、果熟一致性、果实聚集度11个性状指标,进行了聚类分析和综合评价,建立了千年桐优树综合评价体系。【结果】利用综合评价法,从40株备选优树选出了19株优树,然后对19株优树进行聚类分析,结果为三类,其中Ⅰ类4株、Ⅱ类5株、Ⅲ类10株;Ⅰ类优树的单株结果量、单株产果量的均值分别为1181个、29.68 kg,是Ⅱ类优树均值的1.63、1.62倍,是Ⅲ类优树的1.65、1.71倍,是40株备选优树的1.87、1.85倍。Ⅰ类优树的鲜果单果质量、鲜果出籽率、干籽出仁率、种仁含油率的均值分别为41.63 g、51.20%、59.97%、59.75%,是Ⅱ类优树均值的1.14、1.03、1.01、1.11倍,是Ⅲ类优树均值的1.16、1.35、1.12、1.17倍,是40株备选优树均值的1.14、1.23、1.15、1.17倍。Ⅰ类优树4株可作为嫁接繁殖的采穗母树,可进一步作为目标优树。【结论】基于综合评价法筛选出的优树为千年桐优良无性系选育打下了基础。【Objective】To establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the selecting excellent single plant of Aleurites montana,and to accurately evaluate the superior plants of A.montana,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the breeding of A.montana.【Method】The A.montana forest which was in the high yield period with area of 5000 hm2 in southern Hunan province was used as selected forest.According to the phenotypic indexes such as the number of fruit setting per plant,fruit yield per plant,tree size,tree shape and fruit aggregation degree,565 A.montana were preliminarily clarified.40 candidate excellent trees were determined by 2nd time selection,among which,the excellent single trees were selected.According to 11 individual indexes,such as fruit setting per plant,fruit yield per plant,crown height ratio,crown shape index,single fruit mass,seed percent of fresh fruit,kernel percent of dry seed,kernel oil content of dry seed,disease and pest degree,fruit maturity consistency,fruit aggregation degree,cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation method were carried out to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for A.montana.【Result】19 superior trees were selected from 40 selected optional trees by comprehensive evaluation method.Then 19 superior trees were clustered and analyzed.They were classified into three categories:4 trees in class I,5 trees in class II and 10 trees in class III.The average fruit setting and yield per plant of superior trees in class I were 1181.00 kg and 29.68 kg,respectively,which were 1.63,1.62 times of the average of superior trees in class II and 1.65 and 1.71 times of superior trees in class III.It was 1.87 and 1.85 times as many as 40 selected optional trees.The average values of fresh fruit mass,fresh fruit seed yield,dry seed kernel yield and oil content in kernels of type I superior trees were 41.63 g,41.03%,51.20%,59.97%and 59.75%,respectively,which were 1.14,1.03,1.01 and 1.11 times of the average values of type II superior trees,1.16,1.35,1.12 and 1.17 times of the

关 键 词：千年桐 优株选择 综合评价法 

分 类 号：S794.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S605[农业科学—林学]