不同抗旱措施下新疆野苹果移栽苗土壤水分及叶片生理响应  

Soil moisture and leaf physiological responses of transplanted seedlings ofMalus sieversii from Xinjiang under different drought resistance measures

作　　者：乌仁其米格 刘立强[2] 秦伟[2] 张博[1] WUREN Qimige;LIU Liqiang;QIN Wei;ZHANG Bo(College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第1期97-110,120,共15页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501504);国家自然科学基金项目(31960580);新疆园艺学重点学科资助项目;新疆农业大学“2612林果创新团队”资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同抗旱措施下新疆野苹果移栽苗土壤水分及叶片生理响应,筛选最佳的节水抗旱技术。【方法】以1年生新疆野苹果幼苗为材料,采用传统移栽、覆盖移栽、管件防护移栽、容器育苗移栽、生物制剂移栽等抗旱措施进行试验,测定不同措施处理下幼苗移栽地7—9月主要生长季的土壤含水量,并测定和分析其叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量等指标,比较各指标的变化。【结果】不同抗旱措施处理下,随土层深度的变化,土壤含水量自上而下呈“M”或“V”形分布,具有明显的垂直变异特征,随土层加深土壤含水量的变化减弱;随着土层深度变化,不同抗旱措施处理下土壤含水量的变异系数呈现递增、递减2种趋势,在<40~50 cm土层随季节变异趋于稳定。不同抗旱措施处理下,叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量差异显著,各指标在观测期内呈现不同的变化趋势,9月各指标趋于稳定。保水性较差的移栽措施,可诱发植株体内抗氧化酶保持高活性状态,促进植株体内渗透调节物质的积累。【结论】在各抗旱措施中,覆盖移栽和容器育苗移栽措施处理下土壤含水量较高,其中覆盖移栽中地膜覆盖为最佳抗旱处理。【Objective】In order to explore the characteristics of soil moisture and leaf physiological response of transplanted Malus sieversii seedlings from Xinjiang under different drought resistance measures,the best water-saving and drought resistance technology was screened out.【Method】Taking one-year-old M.sieversii seedlings from XinJiang as materials,using traditional transplanting,mulching transplanting,tube protection transplanting,container transplanting,and biological agent transplanting measures,the soil moisture of the seedling transplanting site during the main growing season from July to September was measured.The chlorophyll content,antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulating substance content in leaves were measured and analyzed.The differences in soil moisture and changes in leaf physiological indicators were compared.【Result】The soil moisture under different drought resistance measures was distributed in the form of“M”or“V”from top to bottom,which had obvious vertical variation characteristics,and the soil moisture decreased with the increasing of depth.The variation coefficient of soil moisture under different drought resistance measures showed an increasing and decreasing trend with the change of depth,and the seasonal variation of soil moisture tended to be stable at<40-50 cm depth.Different drought resistance measures had significant different effects on chlorophyll,antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulation substance content in leaves,and each index presented different trends during the observation period,and the content of each index tended to a stable level in September.Transplanting measures with poor water retention could induce the antioxidant enzyme activity in the plant to maintain a high active state,and also caused the accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances in the plant.【Conclusion】Mulching transplanting and container transplanting have higher soil moisture contents,among which black plastic mulching is the best water-saving and drought resistan

关 键 词：新疆野苹果 抗旱措施 土壤水分 生理 动态变化 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]