橡胶树大筒苗培育方法Ⅰ--育苗基质的筛选  

Cultivation method of large rubber polytube-raised buddingsⅠ:screening of seedling substrate

作　　者：周珺[1,2] 陈青 林位夫[1] 王军[1,2] ZHOU Jun;CHEN Qing;LIN Weifu;WANG Jun(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,Hainan,China;Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Danzhou 571737,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [2]农业部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第1期220-226,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项“橡胶树插接苗育苗技术研发与试种示范”(1630022019004);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“国家天然橡胶产业技术体系种苗扩繁与生产技术岗位专家经费”(CARS-33-YZ4)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了筛选出适于橡胶树大筒苗生长的最佳育苗基质,从而为橡胶树大筒苗培育方法的探索提供参考依据。【方法】分别以泥炭土、椰糠和表土为基质原料,按其不同的体积比配制为6种育苗基质(其编号分别为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6),以自主设计的上口径为15 cm、下口径为2 cm、高为60 cm的中空锥形筒为试验用的育苗容器,采用不同基质处理进行橡胶树大筒苗的培育试验;测定分析了各处理橡胶树大筒苗的抽芽率、生长指标、出圃参数及叶片中的养分含量等指标,并采用隶属函数法对不同基质处理下橡胶树大筒苗的育苗效果进行综合评价。【结果】6种育苗基质的pH值为4.89~5.66,均适合橡胶树的生长需求;但T6处理(表土,用于对照)在出圃时基质和苗木的总鲜质量达9.20 kg,约是其余各轻基质处理的总鲜质量(2.80 kg)的3.29倍,这给苗木出圃运输和定植带来诸多不便,不宜用于橡胶树大筒苗的培育;T1的接穗抽芽率(62.67%)和出圃率(56.00%)均较低,也不宜作为橡胶树大筒苗的育苗基质;T2~T6的接穗抽芽率(88.01%~98.70%)和出圃率(85.35%~97.41%)均相对较高,这几个处理的定植成活率均在97.09%以上,其中,泥炭土与椰糠混配的基质处理T2~T4的大筒苗株高近2.10 m、茎粗约1.80 cm、长出的叶片在6蓬以上、且每蓬叶约有13片三出复叶,壮苗指数极显著高于单一基质处理的T1、T5和T6,叶片养分含量相对稳定平衡,可根据实际需要选择利用。【结论】利用隶属函数法对6种基质的育苗效果进行了综合评价,其排名为:T2>T3>T4>T5>T6>T1。以T2的配比基质(泥炭土∶椰糠=1∶1)培育的橡胶树大筒苗生长最好,其隶属度平均值为0.92,因此,这种配比基质可以用作橡胶树大筒苗的最佳育苗基质。【Objective】In order to screen out the best seedling substrate suitable for the growth of large rubber polytuberaised buddings,provide the theory reference for its cultivation method.【Method】Using peat soil,coconut bran and surface soil as substrate materials,6 seedling substrates(treatment numbers were T1-T6)were prepared according to volume ratio,and the hollow conical polytube with upper caliber 15 cm,lower caliber 2 cm and height 60 cm was used as seedling container to carry out the cultivation test of large rubber polytube-raised buddings.The spouting rate,growth index,nursery parameters and leaf nutrient content of large rubber polytube-raised buddings were analyzed and determined.The large rubber polytube-raised buddings cultivated with different formulation substrates was comprehensively evaluated using subordination function method.【Result】The pH values of substrates were 4.89-5.66,which was suitable for the growth requirement of rubber trees.The substrate and plant fresh mass of T6(The surface soil as control)was 9.20 kg,which was 3.29 times of the other light substrate treatments(2.80 kg),which brought a lot of inconvenience to the nursery transportation and planting,so it was not suitable for the cultivation of large rubber polytube seedlings.Both the sprouting rate(62.67%)and the nursery rate(56.00%)of the T1 were lower,which was not suitable to be used as the seedling substrate either.The sprouting rate(88.01%-98.70%)and nursery rate(85.35%-97.41%)of T2-T6 were relatively higher,which survival rates of field planting was above 97.09%,among which,the plant height of the treatments T2-T4 with peat and coconut chaff was nearly 2.10 m,the stem was about 1.80 cm,the leaf-umbrellas were above 6 with about 13 trifoliolates compound leaves per leaf-umbrella,and the vigorous seedling indexes were significantly better than those of single substrate treatments T1,T5 and T6,and the leaf nutrient content was also relatively stable,which could be used for practical demands.【Conclusion】The rank of c

关 键 词：橡胶树 大筒苗 育苗基质 生长参数 出圃参数 叶片养分 

分 类 号：S604.3[农业科学—园艺学]