呼伦贝尔沙地不同固沙植物土壤真菌群落组成及多样性  

Composition and diversity of soil fungi community under different sand-fixing plants in the Hulun Buir Desert

作　　者：闫茹 冯薇[1,2] 王玺婧 YAN Ru;FENG Wei;WANG Xijing(Yanchi Research Station,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture,102442,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京农业职业学院,北京102442

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第1期60-68,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划“沙生资源植物选育与防风固沙技术集成及产业示范”(2016YFC0500905);国家自然科学基金“毛乌素沙地地衣结皮微生物群落结构及其固碳功能”(31600584);北京林业大学青年教师科学研究中长期项目“荒漠化地区地表过程及其驱动机制”(2015ZCQ-SB-02)。

摘　　要：探究呼伦贝尔沙地3种固沙植物下土壤真菌群落结构、多样性及其影响因素,明晰不同固沙植物下土壤真菌的优势类群,为确定呼伦贝尔沙地植被恢复建设中的最优固沙树种提供科学依据。选择分别以差巴嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿和樟子松为优势种的植被恢复区的土壤真菌为研究对象,采用野外调查和18SrRNA高通量测序技术,分析比较不同固沙植物下土壤真菌群落结构特征。呼伦贝尔沙地土壤优势真菌门为子囊菌门,其相对丰度在3种植物下均> 65%,其他优势门包括接合菌门、壶菌门、担子菌门、隐真菌门和球囊菌门。优势真菌纲为座囊菌纲、壶菌纲、盘菌纲、粪壳菌纲、伞菌纲、散囊菌纲和球囊菌纲。优势真菌属为在踝节菌属、毛壳菌属、Boeremia、Paraphaeosphaeria、旋孢腔菌属、毛霉属、假裸囊菌属、Fimicolochytrium和乳牛肝菌属。不同固沙植物间土壤真菌种类无显著差异,而土壤真菌的相对丰度有显著差异,其中樟子松下相对丰度较高的盘菌纲、散囊菌纲、毛壳菌属和踝节菌属具有促进土壤碳循环和磷循环的特征,且樟子松下具有较高的磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性。植物种类是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要因素,土壤有机碳和速效磷是解释土壤真菌群落结构的主要环境因子。呼伦贝尔沙地不同固沙植物通过改变土壤真菌的相对丰度来改变土壤真菌群落结构。从土壤真菌角度来看,呼伦贝尔沙地中樟子松在固定移动沙丘和提高土壤肥力方面是最适宜的树种。[Background]This paper explored the community structure and diversity of soil fungi under three sand-fixing plants in Hulun Buir Desert,clarified the dominant groups of soil fungi,and provides a scientific basis for determining the optimal sand fixation species for rebuilding degraded sandland ecosystems. [Method]Effects of Artemisia halodendron-,Caragana microphylla-,or Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica-dominated vegetation on fungal community structures and diversity in the Hulun Buir Desert were determined using field investigation and high-throughput 18 SrRNA gene sequencing. [Results]The phyla Ascomycota accounted for more than 65% of the fungal sequences in the three vegetation.Additional dominant phyla including Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota,Basidiomycota,Cryptomycota and Glomeromycota were also in all soil sampling. The dominant classes of soil fungi were Dothideomycetes,Chytridiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Glomeromycetes. The dominant genera of soil fungi were Talaromyces, Chaetomium, Boeremia,Paraphaeosphaeria,Cochliobolus,Mucor,Pseudogymnoascus,Fimicolochytrium and Suillus. There was no significant difference in soil fungi species among different vegetation,but the relative abundance of soil fungi varied. Compared with other vegetation,P. sylvestris var. mongolica exhibited a higher relative abundance of Pezizomycetes,Eurotiomycetes,Chaetomium and Talaromyces,which had the characteristics of promoting soil carbon cycle and phosphorus cycle. The activity values of phosphatase and catalase were significantly higher in P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Vegetation species were the main impact factors causing shifts in the soil fungal community. Soil organic carbon and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors to explain the structure of the soil fungal community. [Conclusions] The application of different vegetation in degraded lands alters the fungal community structure through changing their relative abundance. P. sylvestris var. mongolica was the most

关 键 词：固沙植被 土壤真菌 群落结构 呼伦贝尔沙地 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]