乌兰布和沙区典型灌木防风阻沙效益  

Wind prevention and sand resistance of typical shrubs in Ulan Buh Desert

作　　者：张奕 肖辉杰[1] 辛智鸣[2] 赵廷宁[1] 蒋方哲 段媛君 ZHANG Yi;XIAO Huijie;XIN Zhiming;ZHAO Tingning;JIANG Fangzhe;DUAN Yuanjun(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences,015200,Dengkou,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第1期87-96,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“沙尘‘固-阻-输’防控技术体系”(2017YFC0504403);北京林业大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“荒漠绿洲防护林体系建设研究”(2019GJZL10)。

摘　　要：植物治沙是控制土壤风蚀最理想的措施。植株覆盖与整体配置对防风阻沙效益影响的研究较多,而能够综合考虑单一植被形态特征对植物防风阻沙能力的研究比较缺乏;因此,通过实地考察选出乌兰布和周边4种典型单一植被:白刺、沙拐枣、杨柴和梭梭,采用风洞实验,研究生长季灌木单株对周围风速流场、输沙率和地表蚀积特征的影响,对比选出防风阻沙效果最优的植株种类。结果表明:1)对比生长季4种灌木单株,形态低矮且疏透度小的白刺比其他植物的防风阻沙作用显著,且能够防护的有效距离最大;2)枝下高度大的植株导致近地表流场空间产生"狭管效应",起到加速地表风蚀的作用;因此在今后的植被建设中,要进行合理配置,防止"狭管效应"的发生,使其发挥更好的防风阻沙效果。研究结果可以为沙区防风固沙体系建设提供参考。[Background] Sand control by plant is the most ideal measure to control soil erosion.However, because afforestation conditions cannot be satisfied in arid and semi-arid areas, it is particularly important to study the windbreak and sand resistance benefits of some sparse vegetation and individual shrub. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted many studies on the effect of plant cover and overall arrangement on wind and sand resistance benefits,providing a large number of effective methods and data to measure the community’s sand resistance ability. However,studies on the effect of individual vegetation morphological characteristics on wind and sand resistance of plants are lacking.[Methods]In response to this problem,this experiment was through the field observation to select the 4 typical individual shrubs surrounding the Ulan Buh Desert, Nitraria tangutorum, Calligonum mongolicum,Hedysarum mongolicum and Haloxylon ammodendron,the morphological indexes such as height,crown width,crown length,height under branch,branching number and porosity of an individual shrub were counted and combined with wind tunnel experiments,the effects of individual shrub in growing season on wind velocity flow field,sediment transport rate and surface erosion characteristics were studied,compared for selecting the shrub species with the best protect effect. [Results] 1)Compared with the 4 individual shrub in the growing season,N. tangutorum with low morphology and low porosity had a more significant wind-proof and sand-fixation effect than other shrubs,with an average reduction of 24. 83% for wind speed and an average sand resistance benefit of 56. 03%. And it had the greatest range of protection. 2) As the height under branch increased,airflow disturbance to sand surface after the shrubs presented an obvious increasing trend. Shrubs with high height under the branches led to the "channeling"in the flow field space formed near the surface,which will accelerate the wind erosion of the surface. [Conclusions] The wind and sand resis

关 键 词：植物防风阻沙 灌木形态 地表蚀积 

分 类 号：S727.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]