小麦新品种(系)抗倒性及产量构成因素评价  

Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Yield Componentsof New Wheat Varieties(Lines)

作　　者：胡卫国[1] 曹廷杰[1] 杨剑 张玉娥 王西成[1] 曹颖妮 赵虹[1] HU Weiguo;CAO Tingjie;YANG Jian;ZHANG Yu’e;WANG Xicheng;CAO Yingni;ZHAO Hong(Institute of Wheat,He’nan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-huai Region,Ministry of Agriculture/National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Research Institute of Agricultural Quality Stantards and Teating Techniques,He’nan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室/农业部黄淮中部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家小麦工程实验室,郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《种子》2021年第2期110-115,共6页Seed

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目(192102110138);河南省农业科学院自主创新(2019 ZC 03);河南省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系项目(S 2015-01-G 03);河南省农科院科研发展专项资金项目(2020 CY 02)。

摘　　要：为筛选小麦优异抗倒性资源材料,分析倒伏严重年份黄淮南片麦区小麦产量构成,本试验以2016—2017年度国家冬小麦黄淮南片水地组区域试验81个小麦新品系为材料,结合多点试验抗倒性鉴定结果,利用倒伏指数法、相关性及主成分分析,对黄淮南片麦区小麦新品种(系)的抗倒伏能力及产量构成因素进行了初步分析。聚类结果显示,有27个小麦新品种(系)抗倒伏能力处于好或较好水平,占参试品种(系)的33.3%,倒伏指数平均值分别为10.5、28.3;抗倒性较差的品种(系)有17个,占参试品种(系)的21.0%,倒伏指数平均值为89.5,表明本年度抗倒性较好的新品系在黄淮南片麦区占据多数,试验品系抗倒伏能力总体较好。倒伏与株高、最高蘖、有效穗数均呈显著或极显著正相关,株高越高,群体越大,小麦品种倒伏的风险越大。严重倒伏点率和倒伏指数与产量呈极显著或显著负相关,倒伏越严重,产量影响越大。主成分分析结果表明,倒伏是黄淮南片麦区小麦品种产量的主要限制因素之一。在控制倒伏的前提下,适当增加有效穗数和穗重,延长生育期,是黄淮南片麦区小麦增产的有效途径。In order to screen the excellent lodging-resistant materials of wheat and analyze the yield composition of wheat in the southern Huanghuai wheat region in the year of serious lodging years,the selected 81 new wheat lines from area test of water group of southern Huanghuai region of national winter wheat area during 2016—2017 were selected as materials to investigate the lodging resistance and yield components of new wheat varieties(lines)in the south of Huanghuai wheat area based on lodging index method,correlation and principal component analysis from results of lodging resistance identification in multi-point test.Clustering results showed that 27 new wheat varieties(lines)had good or better lodging resistance,accounting for 33.3%of the tested varieties(lines)respectively,and the average lodging index was 10.5 and 28.3,respectively.And,there were 17 varieties(lines)with poor lodging resistance,accounting for 21.0%of the tested varieties(lines),and the average lodging index was 89.5.It showed that the new lines with better lodging resistance occupied the majority in the southern wheat area of Huanghuai region in this year,and the lodging resistance of the tested lines was generally good.Lodging was positively correlated with plant height,highest tiller and effective panicle number.And the higher the plant height was,the larger the population was,and the higher the risk of lodging was.Meanwhile,severe lodging point rate and lodging index were significantly or negatively correlated with yield.The more serious lodging was,the greater the effect of yield was.Also,the results of principal component analysis showed that lodging was one of the main limiting factors of wheat yield in southern Huanghuai wheat area.On the premise of controlling lodging,increasing effective panicle number and panicle weight appropriately and prolonging growth period were the effective ways to increase wheat yield in the southern Huanghuai wheat area.

关 键 词：小麦 区域试验 抗倒性 产量构成 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]