黄淮海区域7个玉米品种的子粒脱水特性分析  

Analysis of Kernel Dehydration Characteristics of Seven Maize Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

作　　者：张莹莹[1] 卢道文[1] 张君[2] 张凤启[2] 董文恒[1] 张盼 陈彦惠[3] 唐保军[2] ZHANG Ying-ying;LU Dao-wen;ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Feng-qi;DONG Wen-heng;ZHANG Pan;CHEN Yanhui;TANG Bao-jun(Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,China;Institute of Cereal Crops of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan Key Laboratory of Maize Biology,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]安阳市农业科学院,河南安阳455000 [2]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南省玉米生物学重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [3]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2020年第6期31-35,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301103,2016YFD0300306);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(S2015-02-G03);公益性行(农业)科研专项(201503130)。

摘　　要：研究不同玉米品种的子粒脱水特性,以期为玉米机械粒收提供科学依据。选用黄淮海区域7个具代表性的玉米品种为试验材料,对收获时子粒含水量、子粒脱水速率以及脱水相关性状进行研究。结果表明:收获时子粒含水量与苞叶含水量、穗轴含水量、生理成熟天数、授粉天数和穗粗呈极显著正相关,与子粒脱水速率呈极显著负相关。不同玉米品种的子粒脱水相关性状均存在显著差异。依据收获时子粒含水量将7个参试品种划分为3种类型,其中,低水分含量品种迪卡517和中间型品种先玉335生理成熟天数适中、生理成熟后子粒粒脱水速率快、收获时产量高,比较适宜机收。中间型水分含量品种安玉308可在生理成熟后延迟7 d左右进行子粒机收。本研究筛选出的玉米品种可作为黄淮海区域适宜机械粒收的备选品种。Exploring the dehydration characteristics of maize varieties,could provide theoretical and technical reference for mechanized harvesting of grain.The experiment selected seven representative maize varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region as the materials,the grain moisture content at harvest,grain dehydration rate and dehydration-related traits were studied.The results showed that the grain moisture content at harvest had a significant positive correlation with bract moisture content,cob moisture content,days of physiological maturity,days of pollination and ear diameter,while it had a significant negative correlation with the grain dehydration rate.There were significant differences among the dehydration-related traits of different varieties.Seven maize varieties tested were divided into 3 type according to the grain moisture content at harvest.Dika 517 with low moisture content and the middle type variety Xianyu 335 have moderate physiological maturity days,fast seed dehydration rate after physiological maturity,and high yield at harvest,which are more suitable for mechanized harvesting.The middle type variety Anyu 308 can be harvested 7 days after physiological maturity.The experiment provides an alternative variety for mechanized harvesting in Huang-Huai-Hai region.

关 键 词：玉米 机械粒收 收获质量 子粒含水量 脱水速率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]