基层政府非正式治理技术的类型学分析  

Informal Governance Techniques of Grassroots Governments:A Typological Analysis

作　　者：王敬尧 郑鹏 WANG Jing-yao;ZHENG Peng

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,成都610065 [2]华中师范大学政治与国际关系学院,武汉430079 [3]四川大学中国县域发展研究中心,成都610065

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2021年第1期89-101,161,共14页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(17JZD017)。

摘　　要：基层政府处于自上而下的行政压力和由下而上的社会需求所建构的网络"接点"。从纵向角度观察,随着压力结构和社会结构的变化,基层治理形成了"非正式权力的正式运作""正式权力的非正式运作"以及"正式运作与非正式运作并行"的样态特征,基层政府的非正式治理成为客观存在,其技术也不断向多样化和隐蔽化转变。在基层政府不断调适非正式治理与正式治理间关系的过程中,从行动指向和行动策略维度呈现出变通式治理、选择式治理、统合式治理和说服式治理等不同类型。基层政府越来越具有非零和博弈的应对主动性,惟其如此,看待非正式治理应跳出"病理学"思维,认可非正式治理在基层治理中存在的合理性。既要不断充实正式规则和程序,顺应基层治理"制度化"的改革趋势,也要从制度根源消解各类权宜的和随意的权力技术。A grassroots government is a node in the networks where the top-down administrative pressure meets with the bottom-up social needs.From a vertical perspective,with the change of pressure structure and social structure,grassroots governance has developed a mode of"formal operation of informal power","informal operation of formal power",or"formal operation together with informal operation".The informal governance of a grassroots government has become a reality,and its technique has been constantly changing into diversification and concealment.In adjusting the relation between informal governance and formal governance,presented are such different types as flexible governance,selective governance,integrated governance,and persuasive governance when viewing from the perspective of action orientation and action strategy.Grassroots government is increasingly adopting non-zero-sum game strategies to give an active respond.It is imperative to rid of the"pathology"mode of thinking,accept the rationalization of informal governance in a grassroots governance,perfect formal rules and procedures,so as to follow the reform of"institutionalization"of grassroots governance continuely,and uproot all kinds of expedient and arbitrary power techniques from the system per se.

关 键 词：基层治理 非正式治理 制度调适 制度化机制 治理术 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]