基于用户习惯的纯电动乘用车低温续航里程变化分析  

Analysis on Endurance Mileage Change of Electric Passenger Vehicle at Low Temperature Based on User’s Habit

作　　者：朱成 刘建春 方凯正 陈佚 刘頔 ZHU Cheng;LIU Jian-chun;FANG Kai-zheng;CHEN Yi;LIU Di(Beijing CATARC Science and Technology Center Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卡达克科技中心有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2021年第2期125-131,共7页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0104700)。

摘　　要：为研究用户习惯对整车在低温环境下的续航里程的影响,搭建了整车能耗解析测试系统,基于某上市车型进行环境仓转鼓测试,研究了纯电动乘用车在低温环境下的动力电池放电特性及整车能耗特征,分析了用户使用习惯对整车续航里程的影响。基于测试数据,精确分析了整车能量流向分配及损耗情况,并针对不同用户习惯及环境温度下整车及各部件的能耗差异、动力电池放电量差异进行了对比分析。结果表明:低温环境下整车续航里程与出行特征、环境温度均存在明显的关联;以上、下班通勤用户单次出行里程约为29 km(基于中国工况)为例,在-15℃环境下多天累计续航里程比单次行驶的极限续航里程低15.1%;环境温度降低,车辆续航里程也减小,在-25℃环境下车辆单次极限续航里程相比-15℃环境下降低了16.1%。针对续航里程变化的原因和规律,分别从电池放电量差异及电驱动系统、空调系统、低压电器能耗差异等方面进行对比分析,从而精确定位了整车能耗优化的入手点,通过优化电池热管理、提升部件工作效率等技术路径以降低整车能耗,为提升车辆低温环境下的续航能力提供理论指导和数据参考。In order to research the influence of user’s habit on the whole vehicle endurance mileage in low temperature environment, the vehicle energy consumption test system is built, the environmental warehouse drum test based on a market vehicle model is carried out, the battery discharge characteristics and vehicle energy consumption characteristics of electric passenger vehicles in low temperature environment are studied, and the influence of user’s habit on vehicle endurance mileage is analyzed. Based on the test data, the energy flow distribution and loss of the vehicle are accurately analyzed, and the energy consumption difference and battery discharge difference of the whole vehicle and its components under different users’ habits and environmental temperatures are comparatively analysed. The result shows that(1) the vehicle endurance mileage in low temperature environment is obviously related to the travel characteristics and environmental temperature;(2) taking the single trip mileage of commuters about 29 km(based on Chinese working conditions) for example, the accumulated endurance mileage in multiple days at-15 ℃ is 15.1% lower than the limit endurance mileage of a single trip;(3) when the ambient temperature is lower, the vehicle endurance mileage also decreases, the single limit endurance mileage at-25 ℃ is 16.1% lower than that at-15 ℃. According to the reason and rule of endurance mileage change, the differences of battery discharge, the differences of energy consumption of electric drive system, air-conditioning and low-voltage electrical appliances are comparatively analysed, so as to accurately locate the point of vehicle energy consumption optimization, to reduce vehicle energy consumption through optimizing battery thermal management and improving the working efficiency of components, and provides theoretical guidance and data reference for improving vehicle endurance mileage in low-temperature environment.

关 键 词：汽车工程 低温续航里程 测试分析 用户习惯 纯电动乘用车 整车能耗特性 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]