微生物在有机固废堆肥中的作用与应用  

Application and effects of microbial additives in aerobic composting of organic solid wastes: a review

作　　者：赵彬涵 孙宪昀[1,2] 黄俊 李少杰 ZHAO Binhan;SUN Xianyun;HUANG Jun;LI Shaojie(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;Shandong Jinniu Group Company Limited,Jinan,Shandong 250001,China;Institute of Microbiology,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京101408 [3]山东劲牛集团股份有限公司,山东济南250001 [4]江西省科学院微生物研究所,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2021年第1期223-240,共18页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0500202);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010712);江西省“双千计划”。

摘　　要：好氧堆肥是实现有机固体废弃物资源化利用的主流处理方式。堆肥腐熟是一个由微生物主导的生理生化过程,堆料通过微生物发酵实现矿质化、腐殖化和无害化,转变成腐熟的有机肥。传统的好氧堆肥存在发酵周期长、养分损失、恶臭及温室气体排放等不足。在堆肥过程中添加微生物是弥补传统好氧堆肥缺陷、提高堆肥品质和功效的有效方法。近年来,国内外在好氧堆肥过程中主要微生物类群与其演替规律、外源添加微生物的作用与功能等方面取得了较大进展。本文简述好氧堆肥基本过程与主要影响因素,以及这个过程中主要微生物类群与其演替规律,重点介绍有关微生物添加剂在好氧堆肥中的应用及其作用方面的研究进展。同时,我们对目前微生物添加剂在应用中存在的问题进行分析并对解决途径进行探讨。Aerobic composting is a physiological and biochemical process dominated by microorganisms and is widely used for the recycle-aimed treatment of organic solid wastes. By microbial fermentation, organic wastes can be mineralized, humified, detoxified, and finally converted to organic fertilizers. However, traditional methods of aerobic composting have several disadvantages, including long fermentation period, nutrient losses, and emission of odor and greenhouse gases. Addition of microbial agents during composting process can effectively overcome these disadvantages and improve the quality of composted fertilizers. In this review, the main process of aerobic composting and the major factors influencing aerobic composting were briefly described. The recent proceedings in microbial composition and community succession during aerobic composting, and the application and effects of microbial additives in composting were summarized. In addition, problems in the application of microbial additives were analyzed and possible solutions were discussed.

关 键 词：微生物添加剂 好氧堆肥 有机固体废弃物 有机肥 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]