植物群落对湿地净化生活污水的影响  

Influence of plant community on the purification of domestic sewage by constructed wetland

作　　者：汪祝方 赵志淼 程梦雨 程梦奇 张饮江 石宗琳 WANG Zhufang;ZHAO Zhimiao;CHENG Mengyu;CHENG Mengqi;ZHANG Yinjiang;SHI Zonglin(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Conservation,Hengshui 053000,China;Water Environment&Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]河北省湿地生态与保护重点实验室,衡水053000 [3]水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第1期126-135,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51909157);河北省湿地生态与保护重点实验室(筹)开放基金(hklk201912)。

摘　　要：为解决植物配置对水质净化影响问题,研究了不同植物群落对生活污水的净化效果及其响应机理,并探索了人工湿地植物的最佳组合。结合景观生态学,运用7种湿地植物构建4种植物群落的人工湿地CW-G1、CW-G2、CW-G3、CW-G4,HRT为4 d,水力负荷为0.125 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(-1),分析了各人工湿地对污染物的去除率,通过对植物酶活性变化、渗透调节能力和根际微生物演替情况探究了其净化机理。结果表明:CW-G1装置内群落对污染物去除效果最佳;CW-G1装置内植物的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性较单种显著提高,MDA含量显著降低;CW-G1装置内植物群落根际微生物Alpha多样性最高,门水平上各类菌丰度较为均匀。CW-G1装置内植物相互协作,提高抗氧化酶含量,增强了植物群落抗干扰能力,增加了根际微生物群落多样性、丰度和均匀度,植物-微生物协同高效净化污水。以上结果可为湿地植物的配置与运用提供参考。To solve the problem of influence of plant configuration on water purification,the purification rate and response mechanisms of different plant communities in domestic sewage treatment were studied to obtain the optimal plant assemblage of constructed wetlands(CWs).Combined with landscape ecology,7 kinds of aquatic plants were used to construct 4 types of CWs(CW-G1,CW-G2,CW-G3 and CW-G4)with different assemblages,the removal rate of pollutants from domestic sewage by each constructed wetland was analyzed at HRT of 4 d and HLR of 0.125 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(-1).Furthermore,the purification mechanisms were discussed on the basis of enzyme activity change,osmotic regulation of plants and rhizosphere microbial succession.The results showed that the plant community in CW-G1 had the highest pollutant removal rate.SOD,POD and CAT enzyme activities of plants in CW-G1 significantly increased,while MDA content significantly decreased.Alpha diversity of the rhizosphere microbial was the highest in CW-G1,and the bacteria distributed equally at phylum level.The cooperation with each other for plants in CW-G1 led to the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity of plants,the enhancement of the anti-interference ability of plant community,and the increase of the diversity,abundance and evenness of rhizosphere microbial community,plant-microbial cooperated well to decontaminate sewage efficiently.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the allocation and application of wetland plants.

关 键 词：湿地 植物群落 水质净化 抗性生理 根际微生物 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]