民本、有机与演化:严复“群学”思想探究  

People-Oriented, Organic and Evolutionary:Inquiry into the Thought of Yan Fu’s Sociology(Qun Xue)

作　　者：马学军 MA Xue-jun

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《社会学评论》2021年第2期51-69,共19页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：中国农业大学“人才培育发展计划”支持。

摘　　要：严复的"群学"概念,为翻译斯宾塞的社会进化论学说而来,其既是一种研究"群理"的实证科学,也是一种变法自强的方式。本文立足于严复的著述,从作为"学问之要归"的"群学"、以"民本论"为基础的"群学"、具有有机论和演化意义的"群学"四个方面来阐释严复的"群学"思想。严复的"群学"思想,在学科知识、自然秩序和社会生活之间建立了一套总体性的解释思路,对近代中国的思想启蒙产生重要推动作用,也影响了民国社会学家的思想。深入探究严复的"群学"思想,有助于我们理解清末以来中国社会的转变以及中国社会学的诞生。Yan Fu’s concept of Qun Xue emerged while Yan’s translating of Herbert Spencer’s theory of social evolution. Qun Xue was supposed to be both a positivist scientific discipline that investigates the principles of society,and a tool for national reform and revival. Based on Yan Fu’s writings, this paper explains Yan Fu’s idea of Qun Xue from four aspects: Qun Xue as"the key to learning", Qun Xue based on the"people-oriented"thought, and Qun Xue with organic and evolutionary significance. Yan Fu’s idea of Qun Xue established an overarching explanatory framework between academic knowledge, the natural order, and social life. Yan’s thoughts played an important role in the enlightenment of modern Chinese thought and influenced the thinking of Republican sociologists. An in-depth exploration of Yan Fu’s idea of"Qun Xue"will help us understand the transformation of Chinese society since the late Qing Dynasty and the birth of Chinese sociology.

关 键 词：严复 群学 民本论 有机论 进化论 

分 类 号：C91-09[经济管理]