反预期标记“硬”“硬是”语法化的共时推演和对比探究  

A synchronic deduction and contrastive study on grammaticalization of counter-expectation markers ying and yingshi

作　　者：殷思源 Yin Siyuan

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2021年第2期80-92,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“汉语意合语法框架下的词汇语义知识表示及其计算系统研究”(项目编号:18JJD740003);北京市哲学社会科学青年基金项目“基于北京自然口语语料库的强调标记研究”(项目编号:19YYC019)的资助。

摘　　要：本文在共时语料的基础上,利用语法化"连续环境"理论,分别考察了"硬"和"硬是"由评注性副词语法化为反预期标记的环境和路径。文章发现"硬"的语法化是一个由[施事性]、[言者主语]、[可控]、[有界]等参数变化推动的重新分析过程,而"硬是"的反预期标记用法,则是受后接VP所指的困难程度和实现与否的影响,根据"质的准则"进行语用推理的结果。由于二者经历的语法化过程不同,因此不同阶段的语义特征也存在差异。Based on synchronic data,this article focuses on the contexts and paths of ying(硬)and yingshi(硬是)grammaticalizing from the commentary adverb to the counter-expectation marker under the context-based frameworks proposed by Diewald(2002)and Heine(2002).It is concluded that the grammaticalization of ying is a process of reanalysis driven by the change of semantic parameters such as[agentivity],[speaker subject],[controllability],[boundedness],and that the usage of yingshi as a counter-expectation marker is a result of pragmatic inference based on the maxim of Quality,which is subject to the difficulty and the achievement of subsequent VP.Due to the different grammaticalization processes,they have different semantic characteristics at different stages.

关 键 词：“硬” “硬是” 评注性副词 反预期标记 语法化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]