北京市水溶肥料重金属元素分析与评价  

Comment and Degree of Contamination of Heavy Metals in Water-SolubleFertilizers in Beijing

作　　者：范珊珊 刘继远[1] 谭晓东[1] 季卫[1] 高飞[1] 李昌伟[1] FAN Shanshan;LIU Jiyuan;TAN Xiaodong;JI Wei;GAO Fei;LI Changwei(Beijing Soil Fertilizer Extension Service Station,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市土肥工作站,北京100029

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第2期430-437,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：北京市农产品质量安全检测项目。

摘　　要：研究分析北京地区水溶肥料中的重金属元素,为农产品质量安全生产提供基础依据。对2012—2019年水溶肥料样品中Hg、As、Pb、Cr和Cd等有害元素进行调查统计,参照中国农业行业标准和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行分析与污染评价。结果表明,水溶肥料中Hg、As、Pb、Cr和Cd平均质量分数分别为0.04、3.8、3.9、4.3和1.2 mg·kg^(−1),均符合农业行业标准NY/T 1110—2010限量要求。水溶肥料样品中的Hg、As、Cr和Cd存在超标现象,As超标率为2.5%,Cd超标率为0.5%,超标情况为:As>Cd>Cr=Hg>Pb=0,超标现象主要分布在大量元素水溶肥料、微量元素水溶肥料和含腐殖酸水溶肥料中。5种重金属单因子污染指数均小于0.7,全部为清洁等级,其中As污染程度最高,其次是Cd;综合污染指数在0.11—0.51之间,全部为安全等级,微量元素水溶肥料综合污染程度最大,含氨基酸水溶肥料综合污染程度最小。总体而言,北京市水溶肥料重金属状况整体良好,环境污染风险较小,但同时应加强关注As和Cd在水溶肥料长期应用中的安全性问题。To research and analyze the heavy metals in water-soluble fertilizers products in Beijing,so as to provide basic data for safe production of agricultural products.In this paper,the contents of Hg,As,Pb,Cr and Cd in water-soluble fertilizers products from 2012 to 2019 of Beijing were counted,the analysis was done with the reference to the agricultural standards of China,and the degree of pollution was evaluated.The results indicated that the mean content of Hg,As,Pb,Cr and Cd were 0.04,3.8,3.9,4.3 and 1.2 mg·kg^(−1),respectively,which were lower than the limitation of agricultural standard NY/T 1110—2010.There are some fertilizer samples in which heavy metal contents exceed the maximal limits,among them one sample was as high as 625 mg·kg−1 and dozens of times the maximal limits.But the proportion is very low and mainly occurred in As and Cd with exceeding percentage of 2.50%and 0.5%separately.They are mainly distributed in water-soluble fertilizer-NPK,fertilizer-micronutrients and fertilizer-humic-acids.The single factor pollution index was less than 0.7,which indicated the heavy metals were clean level.The pollution degree of As was higher than others,and then the Cd.Nemerow integrated factor pollution index ranged from 0.11‒0.51,which demonstrated that water-soluble fertilizers were clean and safe level.Results showed that heavy metal pollution in water-soluble fertilizers containing micronutrients was the most severe,and then the water-soluble fertilizers containing amino-acids.In general,the content of heavy metals in water-soluble fertilizers in Beijing was low,and it was safe for the environment.However,more attention should be paid to the safety of As and Cd in the application.

关 键 词：水溶肥料 重金属 综合污染指数 污染评价 北京市 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]