华南虎母乳成分分析及虎代乳粉的研制  

Analysis of Milk Composition of South China Tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)and Development of a Tiger Milk Replacer

作　　者：许卫华[1] 林开雄 林炜明[1] 陈腾腾 刘丹[3] 傅文源 XU Weihua;LIN Kaixiong;LIN Weiming;CHEN Tengteng;LIU Dan;FU Wenyuan(College of Life Science,Longyan University,Longyan 364000,China;Fujian Meihuashan Institute of South China Tiger Breeding,Shanghang 364201,China;The Amur Tiger Park of Heilongjiang,Harbin 150028,China;Longyan Geopark Conservation and Development Center,Longyan 364000,China)

机构地区：[1]龙岩学院生命科学学院,龙岩364000 [2]福建梅花山华南虎繁育研究所,上杭364201 [3]黑龙江东北虎林园,哈尔滨150027 [4]龙岩市地质公园保护发展中心,龙岩364000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第3期1724-1734,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“大熊猫与虎遗传谱系与繁殖技术研究”(2017YFD0501701);中央引导地方科技发展专项“福建省珍稀濒危野生动物保护研究中心”(2018L3011)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在测定华南虎母乳营养成分,并在此基础上开发出一种虎专用代乳粉。采集3只产后6~10 d华南虎母乳,对乳中氨基酸、脂肪酸、乳糖、常量矿物元素和微量矿物元素等营养成分含量进行检测和分析,并根据虎母乳氨基酸结构,研制一种虎专用代乳粉。结果表明:1)华南虎母乳(以新鲜基础计)中,总氨基酸、总脂肪酸、乳糖含量分别为(10.85±0.80)%、(8.94±1.14)%和(2.70±0.14)%。2)华南虎母乳中油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例分别为41.126%、21.029%、20.880%、23.639%和1.529%。3)华南虎母乳中钙、磷、钠和钾含量分别为0.156%、0.179%、0.117%和0.088%,钙磷比例接近1∶1。4)以乳蛋白为主要蛋白质来源的幼虎代乳粉中,蛋氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸和组氨酸4种氨基酸构成限制性氨基酸。5)人工育幼的18只东北虎幼虎和1只华南虎幼虎全部成功断奶。综上所述,华南虎母乳具有独特的营养构成,开发的虎代乳粉可成功饲喂东北虎幼虎和华南虎幼虎。This study was conducted to determine the nutritional components of south China tiger’s breast milk and develop a special milk replacer for tigers.The milk of three Panthera tigris amoyensis from 6 to 10 days after parturition were collected.The contents of amino acids,fatty acids,lactose,major and trace elements were detected and analyzed.According to the amino acid composition of tiger milk,a special milk replacer for tiger was made.The results showed as follows:1)as fresh milk calculated,the contents of amino acids,fatty acids and lactose were(10.85±0.80)%,(8.94±1.14)%and(2.70±0.14)%,respectively.2)The proportions of oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid andω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the total fatty acid were 41.126%,21.029%,20.88%,23.639%and 1.529%,respectively.3)The contents of calcium,phosphorus,sodium and potassium were 0.156%,0.179%,0.117%and 0.088%,respectively,and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus was close to 1∶1.4)For the tiger milk replacer based on various milk protein resources,methionine,arginine,leucine and histidine were the limiting amino acids.5)All the 18 Amur tiger cubs and 1 South China tiger cub were reared and weaned successfully.In conclusion,the breast milk of South China tiger has a unique nutritional composition,and the milk replacer specialized to tiger cubs is appropriate for South China tiger cubs and Amur tiger cubs.

关 键 词：华南虎 东北虎 母乳 代乳粉 人工育幼 

分 类 号：S815.6[农业科学—畜牧学]