东北黑土区沟道侵蚀现状及其防治对策  

Current scenario of gully erosion and its control strategy in Mollisols areas of Northeast China

作　　者：张兴义[1] 刘晓冰[1] Zhang Xingyi;Liu Xiaobing(Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第3期320-326,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504200);黑龙江省科技计划项目(GX18B051);世界黑土联合会项目(ANSO-PA-2020-12)联合资助。

摘　　要：沟道侵蚀是土地退化最严重的表现形式,东北黑土区是中国除黄土高原外沟道侵蚀最为严重的区域,沟道侵蚀严重威胁东北区域农业生产和生态环境。该研究基于多年的研究积累,结合国家侵蚀沟治理专项调查和国家重点研发计划项目研究成果以及已有文献,系统总结归纳了东北黑土区沟道侵蚀特征、发展演变趋势及其危害;梳理出现有侵蚀沟治理措施的成功经验及失败教训,凝练提出区域侵蚀沟防治目标及4种主要侵蚀沟治理模式,并给出了适用范围及条件;同时提出了新时代东北黑土区侵蚀沟防治对策建议。该研究为区域现代农业发展和生态文明建设决策以及沟道侵蚀治理工程的实施提供了科技支撑。Gully erosion is a destructive and dramatic form of land degradation,representing the soil loss of the top surface along drainage channels by water runoff and rainfall.Except for the Loess Plateau in China,the black soil(Mollisols)region of Northeast China has become the most severe affected area due to gullying.The gully erosion has posed a great threat to regional agricultural production and ecological environment,since the current gully erosion is ever-fragmenting the farmland to aggravate sloping land erosion,even to destroy the land.Since the 1970 s,considerable efforts have been made to gradually control gully erosion using various conservation measures,thereby mitigating property damage and losses.In this study,a systematic summary was proposed to clarify the characteristics,developing trends,and damages of gully erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China,integrating with the survey conducted by the National Gully Erosion Management Project and reports from the National Key R&D Program.The results demonstrated that the actual gully number of 295663 in the region was probably underestimated by 50%,according to the gully density difference obtained from the satellite images and field investigation.The average size of gullies was an area of 1.23 hm^(2) with a length of 661.3 m.In the 88.7%active gullies,60.2%developed in farmland was encroaching the arable land at an expansion rate of 7.39 km^(2) per year.As such,the ultimate goal of gully mitigation was to stabilize the erosion expansionand rehabilitate vegetation in the region.The recent control of gully erosion could firstly hinder the gullying development,and then restore the gully through ecological approaches.Different feasible measures were developed to construct the structures at gully headcuts,or various check dams in the gully bed,as well as soil and water conservation barriers along the gully bank,depending on the local conditions and resources.Four systems against gully erosion are available:1)the corn stover and coal gangue can be filled

关 键 词：土壤 沟道 侵蚀 特征 治理 黑土区 对策 

分 类 号：S281[农业科学—农业水土工程]