胶体金法与ELISA检测新型冠状病毒IgM和IgG抗体的临床诊断价值比较  

Comparison of clinical diagnostic value of colloidal gold and ELISA for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgM and IgG antibodie

作　　者：吴重阳 敖科萍 王远芳[1] 吴思颖[1] 王旻晋[1] 肖玉玲[1] 李冬冬[1] 谢轶[1] 应斌武[1] WU Chongyang;AO Keping;WANG Yuanfang;WU Siying;WANG Minjin;XIAO Yuling;LI Dongdong;XIE Yi;YING Binwu(Department of Laboratory Medicine,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院实验医学科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《国际检验医学杂志》2021年第7期824-827,共4页International Journal of Laboratory Medicine

基　　金：四川大学华西医院新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情科技攻关项目(HX-2019-nCoV-050)。

摘　　要：目的通过胶体金法与酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)特异性抗体免疫球蛋白(Ig)M和IgG,评价2种方法在检测SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体中的诊断价值。方法收集2020年1-2月在该院住院的患者81例,根据相关标准分为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)确诊患者组38例,疑似患者组43例。采用胶体金法与ELISA检测所有研究对象的SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体,计算2种检测方法的灵敏度和特异度。采用χ^(2)检验对疑似患者检测结果进行比较,分析2种检测方法的一致性。结果ELISA检测SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体的灵敏度分别为55.26%(21/38)、60.53%(23/38),特异度均为97.67%(42/43);胶体金法检测SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体的灵敏度分别为63.16%(24/38)、76.32%(29/38),特异度均为93.02%(40/43)。SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体IgM、IgG联合检测的阳性率均>70%。2种方法检测IgM和IgG抗体结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在COVID-19患者血清抗体检测过程中,胶体金法检测操作简便、快速、费用低,且有较好的特异度,特异性抗体IgM和IgG联合检测可作为核酸检测的补充手段。Objective To detect immunoglobulin(Ig)M and IgG specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)by colloidal gold method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and evaluate the diagnostic value of two methods in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies.Methods A total of 81 patients who were hospitalized in this hospital from January to February 2020 were collected.According to relevant standards,they were divided into 38 confirmed patients of corona virus disease-19(COVID-19)and 43 suspected patients.The colloidal gold method and ELISA were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody in all subjects,and the sensitivity and specificity of the two detection methods were calculated.Theχ^(2) test was used to compare the differences in the detection results of suspected patients,and the consistency of the two detection methods was analyzed.Results The sensitivity of ELISA to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody were 55.26%(21/38),60.53%(23/38),respectively,and the both specificity were 97.67%(42/43).The sensitivity of the colloidal gold method to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody were 63.16%(24/38),76.32%(29/38),and the both specificity were 93.02%(40/43).The positive rate of combined detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody IgM and IgG>70%.There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies.methods for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies(P>0.05).Conclusion In the process of serum antibody detection in patients with COVID-19,the colloidal gold method is simple,fast,low-cost,and has good specificity.The combined detection of specific antibodies IgM and IgG can be used as a supplementary method for nucleic acid detection.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 特异性抗体 胶体金法 酶联免疫吸附测定 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]