从企业“优胜劣汰”视角看中国能源产业市场化改革成效研究  

Research on the Effect of Market Reform of Energy Industry——Based on the Perspective of“Survival of the Fittest”

作　　者：武英涛[1,2] 凌家慧 刘红梅 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学商学院,上海200234 [2]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《中国能源》2021年第3期64-69,79,共7页Energy of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目《经济发达地区建设用地系统减量化绩效(PCLSD)的理论、实证和政策建议研究》(编号:17BGL158);国家自科基金项目《我国环保产业R&D投入的决策理论与评价方法研究》(编号:71673189);上海社科基金《基于自然生态空间视角的中国全国和典型省份环境税制度构建和政策模拟研究》(编号:15GJ017)。

摘　　要：能源产业的市场化改革效果,对总体经济的高质量发展和碳排放效率都具有重要影响,但目前缺乏对其市场化改革成效的定量测度研究。本文基于市场化改革的目标—企业“优胜劣汰”的视角研究了能源产业市场化改革成效,并提出未来改革的政策建议。利用面板Logit模型和中国工业企业数据库的175,176个能源企业样本进行研究发现,市场化程度与“优胜劣汰”的市场机制显著正相关,能源产业总体实现了市场化改革目标,所有制和区域因素影响程度在减弱,但国有能源企业内部“优胜劣汰”的市场机制仍不明显。为此,未来应以加强市场有效竞争为导向,深化能源产业的市场化改革政策,包括加强国有企业改革、优化竞争主体,建立线上线下能源交易市场、完善价格形成机制,加强政府监管与公共服务、改善市场竞争环境等。The effect of market-oriented reform of the energy industry has an important impact on the highquality development of the overall economy and the carbon emission efficiency,however,there is a lack of quantitative measurement research on the effect of market-oriented reform.Therefore,based on the main goal of market-oriented reform—the perspective of“survival of the fittest”of enterprises,this paper studies the results of market-oriented reform of the energy industry and puts forward policy suggestions for future reform.Using the Panel Logit model and a sample of 175,176 energy companies from the China Industrial Enterprise Database,the study finds that the energy industry has basically realized the market mechanism of“survival of the fittest”,and the reform has a significant effect on the improvement of the market mechanism of large and medium-sized enterprises.However,the market mechanism of“survival of the fittest”within state-owned energy enterprises is still not obvious.Therefore,in the future,marketoriented reform policies of the energy industry should be oriented towards strengthening effective market competition,including strengthening the reform of state-owned enterprises,optimizing the competition subjects,establishing the online and offline energy trading market,improving the price formation mechanism,strengthening government supervision and public services,and improving the market competition environment.

关 键 词：市场化改革 优胜劣汰 能源产业 企业存续与退出 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]