基于Caprini血栓风险评估量表的预见性护理对全膝关节置换术患者静脉血栓栓塞症的预防效果  

Preventive effect of predictive nursing based on Caprini thrombosis risk assessment scale on venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

作　　者：刘研[1] 郭鑫悦 刘文静[1] 冯琳[1] Liu Yan;Guo Xinyue;Liu Wenjing;Feng Lin(First Ward of Sports Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院运动医学一病房,北京100191

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2021年第7期944-948,共5页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的:探讨基于Caprini血栓风险评估量表的预见性护理预防全膝关节置换术患者静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的效果。方法:选择北京大学第三医院2016年1月—2019年12月收治的1083例行全膝关节置换术患者,将2016年1月—2017年12月收治的526例行全膝关节置换术患者设为常规组,采用围手术期常规护理措施;将2018年1月—2019年12月收治的557例行全膝关节置换术患者设为干预组,采用基于Caprini风险评估的预见性护理。比较两组患者的依从性、血浆D-二聚体水平、血流速度及VTE发生率。结果:两组患者发生血栓风险的分级比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.941,P>0.05);手术后7 d,干预组的血浆D-二聚体水平低于常规组,血流速度高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组的VTE发生率为0.72%(4/557),低于常规组的2.47%(13/526),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组的并发症发生率为9.34%(52/557),低于常规组的15.40%(81/526),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于Caprini风险评估的预见性护理能有效避免全膝关节置换术患者血流高凝状态,降低VTE发生率及其他并发症的发生。Objective To explore the effect of predictive nursing based on Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale on the prevention of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods A total of 1083 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were analyzed.A total of 526 patients admitted from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected as the routine group and they were given perioperative routine nursing measures.Total of 557 patients admitted from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the intervention group and they were given predictive nursing based on Caprini risk assessment.Compliance,plasma D-dimer level,blood flow velocity and incidence of VTE were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the classification of the risk of thrombosis between the two groups(χ^(2)=2.941,P>0.05).On 7 days after the operation,the plasma D-dimer level of the intervention group was lower than that of the routine group and the blood flow velocity was higher than that of the routine group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of VTE in the intervention group was 0.72%(4/557),which was lower than 2.47%(13/526)in the routine group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the intervention group was 9.34%(52/557),which was lower than 15.40%(81/526)in the routine group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Predictive care based on Caprini risk assessment can effectively avoid the hypercoagulable state of blood flow in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and reduce the incidence of VTE and other complications.

关 键 词：关节成形术 置换 膝 静脉血栓栓塞 Caprini血栓风险评估量表 预见性护理 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]