海南东部海水养殖区抗生素残留的生态风险评估  

Characteristics of antibiotic pollution and ecological risk assessment in eastern Mariculture area of Hainan Province

作　　者：曾若菡 齐钊[1,2] 张腾云 龚莹 张钦洲 王海花[1,2] 刁晓平[2,3] ZENG Ruohan;QI Zhao;ZHANG Tengyun;GONG Ying;ZHANG Qin-zhou;WANG Haihua;DIAO Xiaoping(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;School of Biology,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228 [2]海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室,海口570228 [3]海南师范大学生命科学学院,海口571158

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2021年第1期41-48,共8页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2018122)。

摘　　要：为揭示海南东部(万宁和陵水)海水养殖区中抗生素的污染情况,笔者利用LC-MS/MS对海水中磺胺类、四环素类、氯霉素类和喹诺酮类等4类40种抗生素进行检测。结果表明,13个采样点的抗生素残留质量浓度为10.28~156.63 ng∙L^(-1),检出喹诺酮类抗生素2种、四环素类抗生素3种、氯霉素类抗生素1种,磺胺类抗生素未检出。在检出的6种抗生素中,土霉素在采样区海水中含量最高(16.20 ng∙L^(-1)),其次是四环素(5.39 ng∙L^(-1))、强力霉素(4.10 ng∙L^(-1))、甲砜霉素(1.84 ng∙L^(-1))和环丙沙星(0.18 ng∙L^(-1)),最低的是丹诺沙星的含量(0.13 ng∙L^(-1))。陵水海水养殖区检出的6种抗生素平均残留浓度高于万宁海水养殖区,相同区域抗生素残留浓度具有相似性。采用风险商值法对水体残留抗生素进行风险评估,结果表明,海南万宁和陵水海水养殖采样区环境中残留抗生素具有一定生态风险,尤其是陵水新村渔港水体中土霉素对相应敏感物种具有中等风险,影响藻类等浮游植物的生长。In order to assess the distribution characteristics and pollution status of antibiotics in Wanning and Lingshui mariculture areas in Hainan province,Lc-ms/MS was used to detect four classes of 40 antibiotics including sulfonamides,tetracycline,chloramphenicol and quinolones in seawater.The results showed that 13 sample point concentration of antibiotic residues in the range of 10.28-156.63 ng∙L^(-1),and two quinolones,three tetracyclines,one chloramphenicol were detected.Among the 6 antibiotics,the content of oxytetracycline in seawater was the highest,with a mean of 16.20 ng∙L^(-1),followed by tetracycline,doxycycline,thiamphenicol and ciprofloxacin,with mean values of 5.39,4.10,1.84 and 0.18 ng∙L^(-1) respectively,and the lowest was Danofloxacin with a mean value of 0.13 ng∙L^(-1).The risk assessment of residual antibiotics in water was carried out by using the RQs risk assessment method.The results showed that there were certain ecological risks in the environment of the sampling areas of Mariculture in Wanning and Lingshui,Hainan.In particular,oxytetracycline in the fishing port of Lingshui New Village had medium risks to the relevant sensitive species and affected the growth of phytoplankton such as algae.It is recommended to control the use of these antibiotics in the process of mariculture to reduce ecological risks,and to conduct long-term observation on the ecological risks of antibiotics in mariculture areas.

关 键 词：海水养殖区 抗生素 污染特征 生态风险 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4