女职工工作时长与生殖健康关联性的分析  

Analysis of correlation between daily working hours and reproductive health of female workers

作　　者：邢再玲[1] 俞文兰[1] 徐茗[1] 于常艳[1] 李雪霏 XING Zai-ling;YU Wen-lan;XU Ming;YU Chang-yan;LI Xue-fei(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2021年第1期20-23,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：社科基金人口学项目——现代职业模式对妇女生育力的影响及对策研究(编号:18BRK038);卫健委项目——典型行业噪声危害及女工生殖健康流行病学专项调查(编号:131031109000160009)。

摘　　要：目的研究分析日工作时长对女职工生殖健康的影响。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2016年1—11月对33685名女职工的生殖健康状况进行调查。利用《女工生殖健康调查问卷》收集人口学特征、工作特征及生殖状况等数据,采用χ~2检验进行月经异常率、不孕率、不良妊娠结局发生率等生殖健康指标的比较分析。结果33685名女职工中,每日工作时长>8 h者占20.61%,其中学历、家庭收入越低者日工作时长>8 h比例越高,不同职业和年龄的女职工日工作时长>8 h的比例不同(P<0.05)。长期日工作时长>8 h的女职工月经异常率、子宫肌瘤和卵巢疾病的患病率及不孕率均高于日工作时长≤8 h的女职工(P<0.05)。长期日工作时间超长可增加孕妇自然流产、早产等不良妊娠结局的发生率(P<0.05)。结论长期超负荷工作可增加女职工月经异常、不孕和不良妊娠结局等健康风险。Objective To analyze the effect of longer daily working hours on female reproductive health.Methods This was a cross-sectional survey,the present status of reproductive health among 33685 women from January to November 2016 were investigated.The survey was carried out by the"female worker reproductive health questionnaire",the single factor analysis of reproductive health was done by chi-square test.Results This study found that those whose daily working hours were over 8 hours composed 20.61%,the lower the education level and family income,the higher the proportion of daily working hours more than 8 hours,and the proportion of working more than 8 hours per day were different in those female workers with different occupations and ages(P<0.05).Furthermore,the abnormal rate of menstruation,the prevalences of uterine fibroids hysteromyoma and ovarian disease and infertility rate were all higher than that of those whose daily working hours less than 8 hours(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that long-term daily overtime work may increase the health risk in female workers such as abnormal menstruation,infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes,etc.

关 键 词：日工作时长 不孕 月经异常 妊娠结局 生殖健康 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]