情感计算技术如何推动犯罪风险评估工具的发展?  

How Does Emotional Computing Technology Promote the Development of Crime Risk Assessment Tools?

作　　者：马皑[1] 宋业臻 Ma Ai;Song Yezhen(Faculty of Social Science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100191;Faculty of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100191)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学社会学院,北京100191 [2]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第1期52-59,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：中国政法大学科研创新项目“基于大数据的智能化罪犯危险性评估体系研究(20ZFD82002)”;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金的资助。

摘　　要：随着人工智能技术的不断发展,以深度学习为基础情感计算技术日渐成熟,将人工智能情感计算技术应用于犯罪风险评估领域,能够有效解决目前主流的风险评估工具难以解决的个体内差异性评估的数据采集、评估问题以及被测评者因社会赞许性而结果失真的问题。在分析目前主流评估工具的局限性基础上,阐述以情感计算技术为支撑的动态风险评估工具的设计思路、目前已有的技术方案、技术成果以及设计细节的理论依据,并进一步提出以人工智能技术为支撑的新型评估工具的未来发展方向。With the development of artificial intelligence in deep learning technology in recent years,emotional computing and personality computing technology are maturing day by day and have achieved good performance in many practical application scenarios.Applying artificial intelligence emotional computing technology to the field of crime risk assessment can effectively solve the problem of intra-individual difference prediction factor assessment,which is difficult to be solved by current mainstream risk assessment tools,and the problem of distortion of results caused by social approval of participants being assessed.At present,the mainstream assessment tools are mainly structured clinical assessment tools and statistical actuarial assessment tools.The limitations of structured clinical violence risk assessment tools are mainly reflected in the following aspects:there are explanatory barriers to the inherent causal mechanism between mental disorders and violent crimes,and individuals with mental disorders may not necessarily have high risk of violent crimes;Although the statistical actuarial crime risk assessment tool performs well in prediction validity,it lacks the explanation of causal mechanism between prediction factors and criminal acts.Therefore,it is difficult to form a systematic explanation of the causes of criminal acts.A large number of relevant factors are incorporated into the statistical actuarial evaluation tool,which makes the tool more"bloated"and takes a lot of time to complete an evaluation.Most statistical actuarial evaluation tools obtain data through self-evaluation and self-presentation,which are easily affected by social approval effect and distort the data.The mainstream crime risk assessment tools are mainly applied to the field of crime risk assessment in prisons and re-crime risk assessment after leaving prison.Due to the long time-consuming operation of static assessment tools,the unwillingness of criminals in prisons to cooperate with the assessment work,and the serious deviation of assess

关 键 词：犯罪风险评估 情感计算 动态评估 

分 类 号：D917.6[政治法律—法学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]