社会层级的内隐刻板印象:权力与地位的不同作用  

Implicit Stereotype of Social Hierarchy:Roles of Power and Status

作　　者：甘烨彤 方圣杰 韩尚锋 王秀娟[1] 刘燊[4] 杨亚平[1] 张林[1] Gan Yetong;Fang Shengjie;Han Shangfeng;Wang Xiujuan;Liu Shen;Yang Yaping;Zhang Lin(Department and Institute of Psychology,Ningbo University,Ningbo,315211;Shanghai Qibao No.2 Middle School,Shanghai,201101;College of Psychology,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,518060;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,230022)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系暨研究所,宁波315211 [2]上海市七宝第二中学,上海201101 [3]深圳大学心理学院,深圳518060 [4]中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院,合肥230022

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第1期118-125,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：全国教育科学规划课题“中小学校园欺凌行为发生机制与干预对策”(BHA190150)的资助。

摘　　要：采用探测词再认范式,考察社会层级的内隐刻板印象。结果发现,在能力推理上,无论地位高低,个体对高权力推理为积极的反应时显著长于消极,对低权力推理为消极的反应时显著长于积极;在热情推理上,无论权力高低,个体对高地位推理为积极的反应时显著长于消极,对低地位推理为消极的反应时显著长于积极。这表明,权力和地位在热情和能力维度的刻板印象中起着不同的作用,其中权力正向预测能力,地位正向预测热情。As the psychological representation of social groups,previous studies on stereotypes mainly divided social groups with race,gender,and age.With the rapid development of the economy,the gap between the rich and the poor is particularly prominent,the social hierarchy has become an important clue of group classification,and its implicit stereotype has a significant impact on interpersonal communication.However,most previous studies have examined the stereotypes of social hierarchy from a single dimension of power or status,and it is difficult to explain the difference between power and status in stereotypes.Therefore,the current study aims to explore the implicit stereotypes of power and status,and to clarify the complex role of power and status in the judgment of warmth and competence.Using the probe recognition paradigm,behavioral sentences that implied a trait were presented first,followed by trait words,and participants were asked to judge whether trait words had ever appeared in behavioral sentences.It was easy for the subjects to deduce the corresponding trait spontaneously when they saw the behavior sentences.When the detection words were consistent with the trait of the subjects’inferring,the concept of spontaneous activation of the trait interfered with the recognition,requiring a longer reaction time.Besides,since stereotypes promote spontaneous trait inference,and vice versa,this study compared the response time differences between values under the same actor condition.The longer the response time,the more likely the trait was consistent with the stereotype of status.Experiment 1 manipulated targets in occupations that differed in power and status,which was designed with a 2(power:high,low)×2(status:high,low)×2(value:positive,negative)within-subject study.Experiment 2 manipulated the power and status of fictional characters and conducted a mixed design study at the same time.The dependent variable was the response times(RTs)of the trait words of warmth and competence respectively.For the repeated meas

关 键 词：权力 地位 社会层级 刻板印象 内隐 自发特质推理 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] D663[哲学宗教—心理学]