回避婚约:新中国婚姻立法的历史选择及其因由  

The Avoidance of Marriage Engagement:A Historical Choice of Marriage Legislation and its Reason of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：陈会林[1] Chen Huilin

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第2期180-191,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：法律规定婚约,是现代世界立法的主流或一般情形,也是我国前现代的立法传统,但新中国婚姻立法回避了婚约。这一回避婚约的立法模式源自20世纪30年代苏维埃时期的婚姻立法,奠定于新中国成立前夕废除国民党《六法全书》的法制革新,正式形成于1950年新中国第一部婚姻法。基于"征文考献"来看,新中国婚姻立法回避婚约的因由可能主要在三个方面:一是婚约被视为"包办、强迫、买卖"的婚姻形式,二是婚约入法被认为是倡导婚约、干涉婚姻自由,三是婚姻立法学习成文法典不规定婚约的外来经验。新中国婚姻立法回避婚约具有历史的必然性,但对社会和司法带来一些不利影响,不具有现实的正当性与合理性。婚姻立法应该规避的是婚约中妨害婚姻自由平等,不利于促成姻缘、稳固婚姻的内容,而不是完全回避婚约。It is the mainstream or general situation of marriage legislation in modern world,as well as the pre-modern legislative tradition of China,that the law stipulates the marriage engagement.However,the P.R.C.Marriage Law evades the marriage engagement.This marriage legislation model of avoidance of marriage engagement originated from the marriage legislation during the Soviet regime in the 1930 s;established on the eve of the founding of the P.R.C.,which completely abrogated the Kuomintang’s"The Complete Book of Six Laws";and formally formed in the first Marriage Law of P.R.C.in 1950.Based on the legal texts and legislators’comments,the reason of the avoidance of marriage engagement during the historical process of P.R.C.marriage legislation includes three aspects.First,the marriage engagement was regarded to be a form of"arranged,forced,bought and sold"marriage.Second,regulating marriage engagement was regarded as interference with the freedom of marriage.Third,the marriage legislation imitated the Code of written law that did not stipulate the foreign experience of marriage engagement.Though with the historical inevitability,the P.R.C.Marriage Law evades the marriage engagement does not justify the legitimacy and reasonability for granted,for it will brings about some unfavorable effects for the society and administration of justice.What the marriage legislation avoids should be the factors that are adverse to the freedom and equality,the fostering of marriage,and the firmness of marriage,but not the complete avoidance of engagement.

关 键 词：婚姻立法 古代婚约法制 回避婚约 历史选择 征文考献 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]