锌铝水滑石的制备及其在制革少铬鞣中的应用  

Preparation of ZnAl-LDH and its application in less chromium tanning process

作　　者：高党鸽 赵苹[1,2] 张莹 吕斌 马建中[1,2] GAO Dangge;ZHAO Ping;ZHANG Ying;LYU Bin;MA Jianzhong(College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021 [2]轻化工程国家级实验教学示范中心(陕西科技大学),陕西西安710021

出　　处：《精细化工》2021年第3期593-599,共7页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(21838007);陕西省重点研发计划(2020GY-258);省部共建轻化工助剂化学与技术教育部重点实验室(KFKT2019-01)。

摘　　要：通过共沉淀法制备了锌铝水滑石(ZnAl-LDH),采用XRD、FTIR、SEM对其结构进行了表征。将其配合用量为皮质量2%的铬粉(记为2%铬粉)应用于制革鞣制工艺中。考察了ZnAl-LDH制备时的金属源物质的量比、陈化时间对鞣制坯革收缩温度、鞣后废液中的Cr_(2)O_(3)质量浓度的影响。结果表明,ZnAl-LDH是尺寸在100~400 nm之间的片状材料。当n〔(Zn(NO_(3))_(2)•6H_(2)O)〕∶n〔Al(NO_(3))_(3)•9H_(2)O〕=2.0∶1.0,陈化时间为6 h时,制备的ZnAl-LDH-4具有优异的性能。与单独使用2%铬粉鞣制坯革相比,ZnAl-LDH-4(用量为皮质量的4%)配合2%铬粉鞣制坯革收缩温度由75℃提高到94℃,废液中的Cr_(2)O_(3)质量浓度由99.58 mg/L降低至46.98 mg/L,且加入ZnAl-LDH-4鞣制后,鞣后废液化学需氧量和生物需氧量均降低。Zinc-aluminum hydrotalcite(ZnAl-LDH)was prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by XRD,FTIR and SEM.The ZnAl-LDH combined with chromium powder of 2%leather mass(denoted as 2%chromium powder)was used in tanning process of leather.The effects of molar ratio of metal source and aging time in the preparation of ZnAl-LDH on the shrinkage temperature of tanned leather and the Cr_(2)O_(3)mass concentration in the effluent after tanning were investigated.The results showed that the size of lamellar materials ZnAl-LDH was in the range from 100 nm to 400 nm.Under the conditions of n[(Zn(NO_(3))_(2)•6H_(2)O)]∶n[Al(NO_(3))_(3)•9H_(2)O]=2.0∶1.0,aging time 6 h,the prepared ZnAl-LDH-4 exhibited excellent properties.Compared with 2%chrome powder tanned leather,the shrinkage temperature of ZnAl-LDH-4(dosage is the leather mass of 4%)combined with 2%chrome powder tanned leather was increased from 75℃to 94℃,the Cr_(2)O_(3)mass concentration in the effluent was reduced from 99.58 mg/L to 46.98 mg/L.Furthermore,after tanning with ZnAl-LDH-4,the chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand of effluent decreased.

关 键 词：锌铝水滑石 少铬 鞣制 废液 皮革化学品 

分 类 号：TQ944[化学工程] TS529.2[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程]