茶皂素杀螺活性及对3种水生生物的安全性  

Molluscicidal activity of tea saponin to Pomacea canaliculata and its safety evaluation against three aquatic organisms

作　　者：麻程军 王瑞[1,2] 刘彬 黄斌 侯有明[1,2] 汤宝珍[1,2] MA Chengjun;WANG Rui;LIU Bin;HUANG Bin;HOU Youming;TANG Baozhen(State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology,College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学植物保护学院,福建省昆虫生态重点实验室,福州350002

出　　处：《农药学学报》2021年第1期139-145,共7页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1200604).

摘　　要：福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata已被世界自然保护联盟列入全球100种最具破坏性的外来入侵物种。茶皂素是一种杀螺效果良好的植物源农药,但关于其环境安全性评价尚未见报道。本研究测定了茶皂素对福寿螺的室内活性,评价了其对3种水生生物的安全性,并在此基础上进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:茶皂素对福寿螺具有良好的室内毒杀效果,对成螺、中螺和幼螺的LC50值(有效成分,其余同)分别为2.61、2.39和2.68 mg/L。茶皂素对大型溞低毒(EC50值为17.77 mg/L),对斑马鱼为中等毒性(LC50值为1.76 mg/L);有效成分质量浓度为100 mg/L的茶皂素可显著促进羊角月牙藻生长。有效成分用量分别为2.03、2.25和2.48 kg/hm^(2)时,茶皂素对福寿螺2 d和4 d的田间防效均在90%以上,且与两种对照药剂四聚乙醛(metaldehyde,0.45 kg/hm^(2))和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐(niclosamide ethanolamine,0.57 kg/hm^(2))的防治效果无显著差异。研究结果可为田间有效利用茶皂素防控福寿螺提供依据。Pomacea canaliculata,golden apple snail,has been listed as one of the 100 most destructive invasive alien species in the world by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.Recently,tea saponin,a botanical pesticide,has been reported to show effective molluscicidal activity.However,safety evaluation of tea saponin to environment is scarce.In this work,the toxicity of tea saponin to P.canaliculata was tested in the lab and the safety evaluation of tea saponin against three aquatic organisms was investigated.In addition,the field control efficacy of tea saponin to P.canaliculata was evaluated.The results showed that tea saponin was effective to P.canaliculata under the conditions of lab,and the LC50 values(all of the following values are shown in the form of active ingredients)against late adult,early adult and larvae snails were 2.61,2.39 and 2.68 mg/L,respectively.Furthermore,tea saponin showed low toxicity to Daphnia magna(EC50 of 17.77 mg/L)and moderate toxicity to Barchydonio rerio(LC50 of 1.76 mg/L).Tea saponin could also promote the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum at the concentration of 100 mg/L.Application of tea saponin at dosages of 2.03,2.25 and 2.48 kg/hm^(2) resulted in a corrected control efficacy of higher than 90%to P.canaliculata in the field,which showed similar control effect to that of commercialized molluscicides,metaldehyde with 0.45 kg/hm^(2) and niclosamide ethanolamine with 0.57 kg/hm^(2).The present results will pave the way for the effective management of P.canaliculata with tea saponin in the field.

关 键 词：植物源农药 茶皂素 福寿螺 杀螺活性 安全性评价 田间药效 水生生物 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工] S482.5[农业科学—农药学]