2008-2019年中国油菜生产性状变化趋势  

Variation trend of rapeseed production in China from 2008 to 2019

作　　者：冷博峰[1,2] 李先容 陈雪婷[1,2] 唐晶 陈卓尔 张青 王涛 田裕 魏梦升 闫华 刘成 冯中朝 LENG Bo-feng;LI Xian-rong;CHEN Xue-ting;TANG Jing;CHEN Zhuo-er;ZHANG Qing;WANG Tao;TIAN Yu;WEI Meng-sheng;YAN Hua;LIU Cheng;FENG Zhong-chao(College of Economics&Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Rural Development Research Center,Wuhan 430070,China;Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430062,China;Institute of Rural Economy,Hubei Academy of Social Sciences,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北农村发展研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北武汉430062 [4]湖北省社会科学院农村经济研究所,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2021年第2期171-185,共15页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系(CARS-12);华中农业大学博士研究生创新研究工程(2014bs33)。

摘　　要：为了研判中国油菜的未来变化趋势,分析我国近12年的油菜生产趋势,为品种选育提供借鉴。基于2008-2019年国家油菜产业技术体系农户固定观察点18省份7916个样本的油菜成熟期田间测产数据,使用描述性统计方法汇报和分析了我国油菜的播栽方式、种植密度、株高、分枝、结实、单位面积产量和灾害情况等生产性状在12年间的变化趋势。结果显示,12年间,油菜直播比例上升30.74个百分点,种植密度上升56.66%,有效分枝数下降16.05%,分枝部位高度上升50.20%,株高上升8.82%,全株有效角果数下降22.14%,每角粒数上升3.02%,千粒重下降0.62%,单株平均产量下降22.38%,理论单产上升15.00%,实际单产上升14.03%,冻害指数下降13.57个百分点,菌核病指数下降0.83个百分点,其它病虫害发病率上升2.34个百分点。建议未来在着力选育高产油菜优良品种的基础上,继续加强耐密植、有效分枝多、全株角果数多以及更适应环境的油菜品种选育,同时结合各地实际情况对农户油菜栽培方式进行宣传引导,合理确定种植密度。To better understand the variation on rapeseed traits in recent 12 years in China,and to provide suggestions for high yield cultivation of rapeseed cultivars,yield data of 7916 samples from 18 provinces with fixed observation points of China Agriculture Research System(rapeseed)from 2008 to 2019 was collected.Descriptive statistical method was used to report the variation trend of planting pattern,planting density,plant height,branch,fruiting,yield per unit area and disease of rapeseed in China over the past 12 years.The results showed that,during the past 12 years,direct seeding percentage increased by 30.74 points,planting density increased by 56.66%,effective branches decreased by 16.05%,first effective branch height increased by 50.20%,plant height increased by 8.82%,effective pod per plant decreased by 22.14%,seeds per pod increased by 3.02%,1000-seed weight decreased by0.62%,average yield per plant decreased by 22.38%,theoretical yield increased by 15.00%,actual yield increased by 14.03%,cold injury index decreased by 13.57 points,sclerotinia stem rot desease index decreased by 0.83 points,other pests and diseases index increased by 2.34 points.It was suggested that in the future,high-yielding rape cultivars should be planted with more density tolerance,more branches,more effective pods per plant and more suitable for environments.Meanwhile,according to the actual situation of each region,the cultivation method of rapeseed should be guided especially on planting density.

关 键 词：油菜 农艺性状 产量 种植密度 全株有效角果数 分枝数 每角粒数 千粒重 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]