低氮条件下密度对红壤旱地秋芝麻产量和叶面积指数的影响  

Effects of density on yield and leaf area index of autumn sesame in red soil dryland under low nitrogen

作　　者：汪瑞清[1] 吕丰娟[1] 林洪鑫[1] 张志华 袁展汽[1] 魏林根[1] 肖运萍[1] WANG Rui-qing;LYU Feng-juan;LIN Hong-xin;ZHANG Zhi-hua;YUAN Zhan-qi;WEI Lin-gen;XIAO Yun-ping(Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2021年第2期271-276,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家现代产业技术体系建设(CARS-14);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设(JXARS-18)。

摘　　要：为了探索低氮条件下红壤旱地秋芝麻高产栽培的适宜种植密度,2016年-2017年在进贤县和南昌县开展试验,研究6个密度(D_(1)-15.0、D_(2)-22.5、D_(3)-30.0、D_(4)-37.5、D_(5)-45.0和D_(6)-52.5株/m^2)对秋芝麻产量构成因素、产量和叶面积指数的影响。结果表明:2017年南昌县试验点D1和D2的单株蒴果数较D4显著增加18.32%和20.27%,其它处理的每蒴粒数较D_(3)显著增加15.92%~25.04%;随着密度的增加秋芝麻产量呈现先增后减再增的趋势,2016年进贤点密度为D6时产量较D_(1)显著增加40.78%,2017年进贤点为D_(2)和D_(6)时产量较D_(3)显著增加18.00%和16.74%,2017年南昌点为D_(2)、D_(5)和D_(6)的产量较D_(3)显著增加32.86%~44.15%。D_(2)、D_(5)、D_(6)的产量平均值较D_(1)显著增加20.66%~26.82%。叶面积指数随着种植密度的增加而增加,同时随着芝麻生长发育都表现为先增后减的趋势。因此,秋芝麻适宜密度应控制在22.5株/m^2或45.0~52.5株/m^2,才能够构建合理冠层,达到高产效果。In order to explore the suitable planting density for high-yield cultivation of autumn sesame in red soil dryland under low nitrogen, experiments were conducted in Jinxian and Nanchang from 2016 to 2017 in Jiangxi Province,China. 6 planting densities(D_(1):15.0;D_(2):22.5;D_(3):30.0;D_(4):37.5;D_(5):45.0;D6:52.5 plants per square meter)were set on yield and leaf area index of autumn sesame. Results indicated that number of plant capsules from D_(1) and D_(2) in Nanchang was significantly increased by 18.32% and 20.27% respectively as compared to D_(4) in2017. The numbers of plant capsules of other treatments were significantly increased by 15.92% to 25.04% respectively as compared to D3. Sesame yield increased first and then waved with the increasing density. At D_(6) in 2016 in Jinxian, the yield was significantly 40.78% higher than that of D_(1). In 2017, the yield of D_(2) and D_(6) at Jinxian were18.00% and 16.74% respectively, which were significantly higher than that of D_(3). The yields of D_(2), D_(5) and D_(6) at Nanchang site were 32.86% to 44.15% higher than that of D_(3) in 2017. The average yields of D_(2), D_(5) and D_(6) treatments were significantly increased by 20.66%-26.82% as compared to D_(1). Sesame growth waved with the increasing density, and leaf area index increased with the density. Thus the suitable density of autumn sesame should be controlled at 22.5 plants or 45.0-52.5 plants per square meter to construct a reasonable canopy and achieve high yield.

关 键 词：秋芝麻 红壤旱地 密度 产量 叶面积指数 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]