活态视角下非遗的进化机制与路径  

Evolution Mechanism and Path of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Living State

作　　者：杨程[1] YANG Cheng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学城市学院,杭州310015

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2021年第2期68-83,154,155,共18页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学项目(15BG084);教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目(17YJAZH103)。

摘　　要：各类非遗处在不断与时代环境相适应的变化中,这些复杂变化具有内在的秩序。适应性和生存竞争引发了非遗种群的性状趋异,择优和经济原则造成了逆向的性状趋同。性状趋异和性状趋同可以看作社会需求引发的非遗发散和收敛过程,它们同时并存,在不同条件下各有主次。在适应非遗发展的传统社会环境中,这类发散和收敛过程不断交替循环,保证了非遗种群数量和质量的相对稳定。非遗通过进化提高对生存环境的适应性,改善自身生存、安全和发展的机会。其进化机制可以归纳为生存环境选择:对整体而言,通过生存环境淘汰劣质非遗个体,保留优质个体;对个体而言,在进化过程中选择有效的特性进行不断积累。Various types of intangible cultural heritage are constantly adapting to environment changes,and these complex changes have an inherent order.Adaptability and competition for survival have led to divergence in the traits of intangible cultural heritage populations,and preference and economic principles have led to trait convergence.Trait divergence and trait convergence can be seen as the spreading and gathering process of intan⁃gible cultural heritage triggered by social needs.They coexist at the same time and have their own priorities un⁃der different conditions.In the traditional social environment that adapts to the development of intangible cultur⁃al heritage,this kind of divergence and convergence process continuously alternates and loops,ensuring the rela⁃tive stability of the quantity and quality of intangible cultural heritage population.Intangible cultural heritage improves the adaptability to the living environment through evolution,and improves the chances of its own sur⁃vival,safety and development.Its evolutionary mechanism can be summarized as survival environment selection.As a whole,inferior intangible cultural heritage individuals are eliminated through the survival environment and high-quality individuals are retained;for individuals,positive characteristics are selected for continuous accu⁃mulation in the evolutionary process.

关 键 词：活态性 非物质文化遗产 进化机制 生存环境选择 经济原则 

分 类 号：C958[社会学—民族学]