磷酸甲苯二苯酯杂化硅溶胶后整理棉织物的阻燃特性及机制分析  

Flame retardant characteristics and mechanism analysis of cotton fabrics finished with toluene diphenyl phosphate hybrid silica sol

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作  者:李刚 尤飞[1,2] 李丹 朱媛姝[1] LI Gang;YOU Fei;LI Dan;ZHU Yuanshu(Key Laboratory of City and Industrial Safety in Jiangsu Province, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China;Institute of Fire Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China)

机构地区:[1]南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院江苏省城市与工业安全重点实验室,江苏南京211800 [2]南京工业大学火灾与消防工程研究所,江苏南京211800

出  处:《南京工业大学学报(自然科学版)》2021年第2期189-196,共8页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

基  金:国家自然科学基金(51376089)。

摘  要:以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、无水乙醇和去离子水为溶剂、盐酸为催化剂,通过TEOS的水解和缩聚反应,制备硅溶胶。以磷酸甲苯二苯酯(CDP)为阻燃剂、硅烷偶联剂γ-丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)为协效剂,相互复配得到阻燃体系并将其掺杂于硅溶胶中,用于棉织物的阻燃后整理。采用极限氧指数(LOI)测试和热分析表征后整理样品的热稳定性能,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)表征阻燃成分在棉织物表面的附着情况,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对后整理样品纤维及残炭的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明:经SiO2-KH560CDP杂化硅溶胶后整理棉织物样品的极限氧指数可达27.5%~28.0%,单位质量增加导致的极限氧指数增幅(ΔLOI/Δm)为0.79%/g;热稳定性能明显提升,残炭量为35.0%,与未后整理棉织物样品相比,残炭量的增幅达到993.8%;杂化溶胶后整理棉织物表面形成完整阻燃涂层,残炭致密、尺寸稳定,棉织物样品燃烧时,SiO2溶胶转为凝胶提供基础涂层,KH560发挥有效偶联效应,磷化合物分解生成磷酸非燃性液态膜,综合作用可有效阻隔热量传递、O2输运和可燃热解产物溢出,因此,SiO2、KH560和CDP之间具有协同阻燃效应。Silica sol was prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation reactions with tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)as precursor,anhydrous ethanol and deionized water as co-solvent and hydrochloric acid as catalyst.Toluene diphenyl phosphate(CDP)as flame retardant and silane coupling agentγ-propyltrimethoxysilane(KH560)as synergist,were added to prepare flame retardants doped silica sol and then the doped silica sol was applied on cotton fabrics.The thermal stability of the finished cotton fabrics and the adhesion of flame retardant components on the surface of cotton fabric were analyzed by limiting oxygen index(LOI)test,thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis(FT-IR),respectively.The morphology and structure of the finished fiber and carbon residue were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM).Results indicated that the LOI of cotton fabrics finished with SiO2-KH560-CDP hybrid silica sol could reach 27.5%28.0%and the increase of limiting oxygen index caused by the increase of unit mass(ΔLOI/Δm)was 0.79%/g.The thermal stability of cotton fabrics was improved obviously,and the amount of carbon residue was 35.0%,which was up to 993.8%higher than that of the cotton fabrics without finishing.A complete flame retardant coating was formed on the surface of cotton fabrics after finishing with hybrid sol and the size of carbon residue was stable and compact.When the fabric samples were burned,the SiO2 sol was transferred into gel to provide the basic coating,KH560 played an effective coupling effect,and phosphorus compounds were decomposed to form a phosphoric non flammable liquid membrane,which effectively blocked heat transfer,oxygen transport,and combustible pyrolysis products overflow.SiO2,KH560 and CDP have synergistic flame retardant effect.

关 键 词:溶胶凝胶法 纯棉织物 阻燃性能 磷酸甲苯二苯酯 协同阻燃效应 

分 类 号:X959[环境科学与工程—安全科学]

 

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