考虑行人避障行为的元胞自动机模型  

Cellular automata model considering pedestrian obstacle avoidance behavior

作　　者：徐福顺 丁赛喆 侯亚楠 翟越[1] 屈璐[1] 薄杰 XU Fushun;DING Saizhe;HOU Yanan;ZHAI Yue;QU Lu;BO Jie(School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;Statekey Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期247-254,共8页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题(211826210028);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(300102269113)。

摘　　要：在实际疏散过程中,行人会在障碍物前一段距离就采取绕行行为,从而造成在障碍物前方形成一个无人进入的“避让三角区”,而在通过障碍物后,行人轨迹又会向内收束从而在障碍物后方形成“收束三角区”。而传统的离散模型无法模拟出行人的这一现象。针对此问题,考虑建立带有决策点的改进场域模型。模型引入决策点的概念,当该点触碰到障碍物后就会引导后方行人转向,从而再现行人绕行的现象。结果表明:当走廊内不存在空间障碍物时,决策点的临界距离设置不同,会使人群呈现梯形或拱形形状中的一种;而当走廊内存在空间障碍物时,人群的行走过程可以分为直线行走阶段、避让阶段、通过阶段、出口聚集阶段,模型的模拟结果可以还原出真人实验中所产生的“避让三角区”和“收束三角区”现象。In the actual evacuation process,pedestrians will take detours a certain distance in front of the obstacle,resulting in the formation of an“avoidance triangle”in front of the obstacle that no one enters.After passing the obstacle,pedestrian tracks will turn inward to form a“winding triangle”behind the obstacle.However,the traditional discrete model cannot simulate the pedestrian phenomenon.To solve this problem,an improved field model with decision points was considered to be established.The model introduced the concept of decision points,which would guide the rear pedestrians to turn when touching an obstacle,thus reproducing the phenomenon of pedestrians taking detours.Results showed that when there was no space inside the corridor obstacles,different critical distances of decision points could cause the crowd to be in trapezoidal or arched shape.When there were spatial obstacles in the corridor,the walking process of the crowd could be divided into the straight walking stage,the avoidance stage,the passing stage and the exit gathering stage.The phenomenon of“avoidance triangle”and“winding triangle”produced in the real person experiment was restored by the simulation.

关 键 词：行人避障 元胞自动机 行人疏散 避让三角区 收束三角区 决策点场域模型 

分 类 号：X91[环境科学与工程—安全科学]