川金丝猴非母亲照料行为的影响因素及其母亲获益——以神农架川金丝猴投食群为例  

Maternal benefit and influencing factors of allomaternal behavior of golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana):a case study at Shennongjia National Park,China

作　　者：刘峻杉 朱遵燕 姚辉 杨万吉 禹洋[1] 向左甫[1] LIU Junshan;ZHU Zunyan;YAO Hui;YANG Wanji;YU Yang;XIANG Zuofu(College of Life Science and Technology,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Key Lab of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey,Hubei Province,Shennongjia Forest District 442411,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004 [2]湖北神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室,神农架442411

出　　处：《兽类学报》2021年第2期144-155,共12页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31870509,31670397);国家林业局野生动物保护与繁育项目。

摘　　要：灵长类社会中存在着非母亲成员(成年雌猴、青少年猴和成年雄猴)对婴儿的照料行为,即非母亲照料行为,该行为直接影响新生婴儿的存活与发育以及婴儿母亲的日常活动,是灵长类学研究领域的热点问题。本研究于2019年3月至2019年11月,采用焦点动物取样和瞬时扫描取样,探究了川金丝猴非母亲照料行为的影响因素及其对母亲活动分配的影响。结果表明:非母亲照料行为时长与婴猴月龄呈负相关;非母亲照料行为与照料者性别和生育经验有关,与婴猴性别和出生先后无关;当非母亲照料婴猴时,母亲的取食和理毛时长明显增加。研究结果支持学习育幼假说和母亲压力缓解假说,非母亲成员积极照料婴猴既能学习到育幼经验,又能帮助母亲获得更多取食时间,满足母亲的清洁和社交需求。Detailed observations of allomaternal behaviors are critical for clearly understanding the maternal benefit and influencing factors of allomaternal behaviors in Rhinopithecus roxellana.From March to November 2019,allomaternal behaviors of<6 months old infants were observed,using focus animal sampling and instantaneous scan sampling methods at Dalongtan,Shennongjia National Park,China.We found that the time non-maternal caregivers spent in allomaternal behaviors was significantly negatively correlated with infant age.The gender and reproductive experience were significant related to non-maternal behavior,while the sex and birth date of infants did not.When infants were cared for by non-maternal caregivers,the mothers’feeding and grooming time significantly increased.Therefore,mothers’benefit from allomaternal behavior were feeding efficiency and meet their hygiene and social needs when they were released form baby taking.In addition,juveniles learn some reproductive experience from allomaternal behaviour.Therefore,this study support learning-to-mother hypothesis and maternal relief hypothesis.

关 键 词：川金丝猴 非母亲照料行为 雄—婴间关系 母亲获益 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]