黄河滩区治理问题和村台淤筑工程地质承载力分析  

Analysis on Harnessing Issues of Yellow River Beach Area and Geological Bearing Capacity of Village Platform Silting Engineering

作　　者：鲁详磊 苏立志 李琳琪 龚西城 张昊[2] LU Xianglei;SU Lizhi;LI Linqi;GONG Xicheng;ZHANG Hao(Heze Yellow River Engineering Bureau,Shandong Province,Heze 274000,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]山东菏泽黄河工程有限公司,山东菏泽274000 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《人民黄河》2021年第4期54-61,105,共9页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402507)。

摘　　要：通过剖析黄河下游水沙减少、河床冲刷严重、农田坍塌严重的影响因素,探讨滩区治理的问题与对策,结果表明:①大村台采用草皮护坡和防浪林的防护能力依然不足,洪水围困时易不均匀沉陷甚至出现滑塌险情,必须进行安全监测;②为保证群众安全,要像明代潘季驯那样重视滩区治理,所建缕堤与生产堤类似,也和当今“两道防线”治理的防护堤接近,潘公“淤滩固堤”举措,至今仍被继承;③为遏制“二滩”塌失势头,“河势控制与滩区治理示范”课题组在辛店集工程下首“钢结构板桩组合坝示范工程”对岸,沿治导线修建的“钢管轮胎透水桩束流输沙示范工程”以及修建的“Z型钢板桩护滩示范工程”可供滩区治理借鉴;④农业养殖业是滩区面源污染主因,提出“加强黄河流域农业面源污染治理科技支撑”等对策,并归纳出“科学谋划、因滩制宜、分类指导、稳妥推进”的综合治滩方针;⑤“两道防线”与生态修复思路结合形成的“三滩分治”方案,对河道和滩区的综合提升治理最可行;⑥滩区淤筑村台的场地均为液化或局部液化土层,上部地层沉积时间短,黏性土压缩模量和承载力偏低,为相对软弱的土层,存在失稳和沉陷变形问题。This paper analyzed the influencing factors of the decrease of water and sediment,the serious erosion of river bed and the serious collapse of farmland.It also discussed the problems and countermeasures of beach management.The conclusions are as follows:a)The protection ability of planting turf slope protection and planting wave break forest around the existing village platform is still insufficient,so safety monitoring must be carried out.b)In order to ensure the safety of the people,the dike which Pan Jixun in the Ming Dynasty built was similar to the production dike nowadays,and also close to the protective dike in the“two lines of defense”treatment scheme.Mr.Pan summed up the measure of“silting the beach and strengthening the dike”,which was inherited until today.c)In order to curb the collapse of farmland on“the second beach”,the research group of“demonstration project of river regime control and beach area treatment in the lower Yellow River”built“steel tube wheel tire permeable pile bunch flow sand transport demonstration project”and“Ztype steel sheet pile shoal protection demonstration project”on the opposite bank of the“steel sheet pile composite dam demonstration project”of the Xindianji centralized control and guide project,which can become a feasible countermeasure for shoal control.d)The planting and breeding industry in beach area is the main cause of agricultural nonpoint source pollution.The comprehensive beach control policy of“scientific planning,adjusting measures to beach conditions,classified guidance and steady promotion”was further summarized.e)“Two lines of defense”combined with the idea of ecological restoration to form the“three beach separate governance”scheme,which is the most feasible for the comprehensive improvement and governance of river and beach area.f)The analysis and evaluation show that the sites where the village platform is built in the beach area are all liquefied or partially liquefied soil layers.The deposition time of the upper st

关 键 词：滩区治理 村台工程 承载力 水生态 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV91[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1