我国农产品价格形成机制的微观探析——兼析农产品流通模式对价格的影响  

A Micro Analysis of the Price Formation Mechanism of Agricultural Products in my country——Analyze the impact of agricultural product circulation patterns on prices

作　　者：陈秀兰 张熙钰 杨建颖 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2020年第9期33-36,106,共5页Price:Theory & Practice

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金研究青年项目“京津冀流通体系协同视角下农产品批发市场转型升级的模式与路径研究”(19GLC048);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2020YQGL02)。

摘　　要：完善农产品价格形成机制是农业供给侧结构性改革的重要目标。本文通过对水稻、玉米、大豆、苹果、韭菜和大白菜六种农产品产业链不同环节价格形成机制进行研究得出:市场供给和需求共同决定农产品价格,而影响供给和需求,进而影响农产品价格的主要因素,包括农产品的生产成本、流通成本、生产者和流通商的合理利润空间,以及消费者的需求强度。目前绝大部分农产品都是买方市场,普遍呈现出终端零售市场反向决定上游批发市场和地头市场价格的现象;"以批发商为主体、批发市场为主渠道、对手交易为主要手段的买断加价制"的农产品流通模式,是我国农产品价格在特定时期出现异常波动,以及农产品流通始终呈现"两头叫—中间笑"的利益分配格局的重要原因,农产品流通模式从"买断加价制"向"委托代销制"转变是解决问题的可行途径。Improving the price formation mechanism of agricultural products is an important goal of the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. This paper studies the price formation mechanism of six agricultural products in different links of the industrial chain of rice, corn, soybeans, apples, leeks and Chinese cabbage. It is concluded that market supply and demand jointly determine the price of agricultural products, which affects supply and demand, and then affects the price of agricultural products. The main factors include the production costs of agricultural products, circulation costs, reasonable profit margins for producers and distributors, and consumer demand intensity. At present, the vast majority of agricultural products are buyer’s markets, and there is a phenomenon that the terminal retail market reversely determines the prices of the upstream wholesale market and the local market;"Buyouts with wholesalers as the main body, wholesale markets as the main channel, and counterparty transactions as the main means The agricultural product circulation model of the "mark-up system" is an important reason for the abnormal fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products in my country during a certain period, and the distribution pattern of agricultural products that always presents the "two ends-laugh in the middle". The agricultural product circulation model changes from the "buy-out and mark-up" system. The transformation of the "consignment sales system" is a feasible way to solve the problem.

关 键 词：农产品价格 价格形成机制 农产品流通 

分 类 号：F323.7[经济管理—产业经济] F326.6