微生物合成金属纳米颗粒及在稠油催化降黏中的应用研究进展  

Microbial natural synthetic metal nanoparticles and the application in heavy oil catalytic viscosity reduction

作　　者：冯阳阳 赵众从[1,2] 杨文博 胡琳琪 张文达 佘跃惠 FENG Yangyang;ZHAO Zhongcong;YANG Wenbo;HU Linqi;ZHANG Wenda;SHE Yuehui(School of Petroleum Engineering,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei,China;Hubei Cooprrative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas,Wuhan 430100,Hubei,China;Center of Drilling and Production Technology of Lukeqin Oil Production Management,Tuha Oilfield,Shanshan 838200,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学石油工程学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]非常规油气湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430100 [3]吐哈油田鲁克沁采油管理区钻采技术中心,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《化工进展》2021年第4期2215-2226,共12页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重大科技专项(2017ZX05009-004);国家自然科学基金(51634008,51574038)。

摘　　要：纳米材料的传统制备包括化学、物理和机械方法,近年来,生物技术制备金属纳米颗粒因其经济和环保的优势引起了广泛的关注。本文首先阐述了微生物合成金属纳米颗粒的原理,总结了影响纳米颗粒生物合成的条件以及生物合成纳米颗粒及其在生物质中稳定分散的优势;然后讨论了使用污染物作为生物合成纳米颗粒前体,即当金属前体来自污染物和受污染的废水时,微生物合成纳米颗粒既降低了生产成本又处理了废液;并且探讨了纳米颗粒的应用对环境和人类健康的影响,强调在应用中应提前实地评估其环保可行性。最后,重点阐述了金属纳米颗粒在稠油催化降黏中的催化作用、纳米催化稠油降黏中的加氢反应和氧化反应;介绍了金属纳米颗粒辅助稠油原位开采的热采方法;展望了合成仿生复合纳米催化材料的应用前景。Several chemical,physical and mechanical methods could be used in the traditional preparation of nanomaterials.In recent years,the preparation of metal nanoparticles by biotechnology has attracted widespread attention due to its economic and environmental advantages.This review describes the principles of microbial synthesis of metal nanoparticles,the conditions that affect nanoparticle biosynthesis,the biosynthetic nanoparticles and their advantages of stable dispersion in biomass.Then the use of pollutants as biosynthetic nanoparticles is discussed.When metal precursors come from pollutants and contaminated wastewater,microbial synthesis of nanoparticles reduces production costs and treats waste liquids.The impact of the application of nanoparticles on the environment and human health is analyzed,and it is emphasized that the environmental feasibility should be assessed principally before the application.In addition,the discussion focuses on the catalytic effect of metal nanoparticles on the catalytic viscosity reduction of heavy oil,the hydrogenation and oxidation reactions of nano-catalyzed heavy oil viscosity reduction.The thermal recovery method of metal nanoparticles-assisted in-situ heavy oil recovery is also introduced.Finally,the application of synthetic biomimetic composite nano-catalytic materials are prospected.

关 键 词：金属纳米颗粒 生物合成机制 纳米催化剂 稠油降黏 可持续性发展 

分 类 号：TE39[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]