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作 者:刘勇[1] 程家骅[1] 张寒野[1] 吴磊[2] LIU Yong;CHENG Jiahua;ZHANG Hanye;WU Lei(Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Nantong 226007,China)
机构地区:[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007
出 处:《中国水产科学》2021年第3期337-347,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基 金:农业农村部东海区海洋捕捞基础信息动态采集分析专项(2015-2020);农业农村部近海渔业资源调查专项(2015-2020);农业农村部中日暂定水域渔业资源调查专项(2015-2020)。
摘 要:本研究基于2014年江苏沿海定置张网渔船的大样本随机抽样调查数据,对渔船捕捞产量及渔获物结构的时空分布特征进行了初步分析。研究结果显示:江苏沿海渔船捕捞具有显著的空间特征,多数在近海生产、少有渔船远赴外海生产,除个别月份,少有渔船在长江口航道中生产,长江口近岸北侧常年有该类渔船生产,在江苏近岸20m等深线附近水域形成了一条连贯、且相对高产的水道走廊。渔船生产具有季节性,在水温偏低的冬季,渔船趋于向外、向南扩展生产,而在水温偏高的夏季则趋于向北扩展生产。渔获物结构比较分析发现,主捕对象存在季节变化,分别出现虾类(1—4月和10—11月)、毛虾(2—3月、5月和11—12月)、梭子蟹(9—11月)等渔获比例相对较高的情况,而杂鱼杂虾除1—4月和11月比例相对偏小外,其余月份比例均较高,虾类资源与其他杂鱼杂虾资源之间呈现显著负向关系。文献比较分析发现,渔获物中的杂鱼杂虾与经济鱼类幼鱼之间有对应关系。基于研究结果,建议定置张网伏休时间提前一个月、并加强伏休后渔船捕捞网目尺寸的管理,以确保足量补充群体维持渔业资源的可持续利用。Regardless of the number of fishing vessels or their catch rate, stow net fisheries are an important part of marine fishing in Jiangsu Province, China. However, despite the importance of stow net fisheries in Jiangsu, few studies have focused on this topic. Based on survey data collected from a large random sample of stow net fishing vessels along the coast of Jiangsu Province in 2014, we conducted a preliminary analysis on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of fishing vessels and their fishing yield and catch structure. Our results indicate that most fishing vessels are positioned offshore, and few fishing boats go out to the open sea. Few fishing vessels are present in the Yangtze Estuary waterway, except for during a few months of the year. Stow net fishing boats are operational year-round on the north side of the inshore of the Yangtze Estuary, which includes a continuous and relatively high-yielding waterway corridor in the waters near the 20 m contour line of the Jiangsu shore. Fishing boats travel depending on the season: in winter, when the water temperature is low, fishing vessels tend to move further from the coast and southward, whereas in summer, when the water temperature is high, fishing vessels tend to move northward. Based on our analysis of catch structure, we found that there were seasonal changes in the main catch objects, such as shrimp(January-April and October-November), hairy shrimp(February-March, May, and November-December), and swimming crabs(September-November). However, with the exception of the period from January to April and November, the proportion of miscellaneous fish and shrimp in the catches was relatively high. There was a significant negative relationship between shrimp resources and other miscellaneous fish and shrimp resources. Using comparative analysis, we found a corresponding relationship between miscellaneous fish and shrimp present in the catches and juvenile economically important fish. Therefore, we recommend that a fishing ban period be implement
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