动物反转录转座子研究进展  

Research Progress of Animal Retrotransposons

作　　者：安亚龙 陈子璇 迟诚林 陈才[1] 宋成义[1] 王宵燕[1] AN Ya-Long;CHEN Zi-Xuan;CHI Cheng-Lin;CHEN Cai;SONG Cheng-Yi;WANG Xiao-Yan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225001,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225001

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2021年第1期125-136,共12页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872977;32002146);扬州大学大学生科创基金(20200665);江苏省农业自主创新项目(CX(19)2016)。

摘　　要：反转录转座子是一类在基因组中能完成自我复制,以RNA作为中介,在反转录酶的作用下,整合到基因组其他位点中的功能元件。反转座子在生物基因组中拷贝数不断增多是基因组变大的一个主要原因,也是产生遗传变异的主要来源和驱动基因组进化的动力;反转座子的转座使染色体断裂、重排以及形成插入突变等结构变异,也参与基因组的表观调控以及异染色质结构的形成,并和基因的结构和功能变化紧密联系;反转座子对基因组、转录组和功能基因的影响已成为后基因组时代的研究热点。本文综述了动物反转座子的结构特征、在基因表达中的功能、近些年来反转座子在动物基因组进化过程中的作用及作为分子标记在动物生产中的应用;为反转录转座子在动物基因组和转录组中的功能作用,以及在动物特别是畜禽生产、遗传育种领域中的应用提供参考依据。Retrotransposons are a type of functional element that can complete self-replication in the genome,use RNA as an intermediary, and integrate into other sites of the genome under the action of reverse transcriptase. The increasing copy number of retrotransposons in the biological genome is a major reason for the enlargement of the genome, and it is also the main source of genetic variation and the driving force for genome evolution. The transposition of retrotransposons breaks, rearranges, and forms chromosomes.Structural mutations such as insertion mutations also participate in the apparent regulation of the genome and the formation of heterochromatin structures, and are closely linked to changes in the structure and function of genes;the effects of retrotransposons on genomes, transcriptomes, and functional genes have become postgenomes research hotspots of the times. This article reviews the structural characteristics of animal transposon, its function in gene expression, the role of transposon in animal genome evolution in recent years,and its application as a molecular marker in animal production. This review provids reference for the functional role of retrotransposons in animal genomes and transcriptomes, as well as in animal production, and animal genetics and breeding.

关 键 词：反转座子 结构 功能 基因表达 

分 类 号：S813.3[农业科学—畜牧学]