上海静安雕塑公园土壤动物群落的垂直分布和季节变化  

Vertical distribution and seasonal variations of soil fauna communities in Shanghai Jing’an Sculpture Park

作　　者：靳亚丽[1] 杨斯琦 徐珊珊[1] 夏建宏[1] 杨刚[1] 张云飞[1] 卜云[1] JIN Ya-li;YANG Si-qi;XU Shan-shan;XIA Jian-hong;YANG Gang;ZHANG Yun-fei;BU Yun(Natural History Research Center,Shanghai Natural History Museum,Shanghai Science&Technology Museum,Shanghai 200041,China)

机构地区：[1]上海科技馆,上海自然博物馆,自然史研究中心,上海200041

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第2期480-489,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1418700);国家自然科学基金项目(31772509和31601872);上海科技馆基础研究项目;上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室开放基金项目(SHUES2019A11);上海市绿化管理指导站项目资助。

摘　　要：城市生物多样性的维持对城市环境改善和可持续发展具有重要的意义。土壤动物作为生物多样性的基石和组成部分,是城市土壤环境的重要指示类群。本文以上海静安雕塑公园为例,对公园中四季土壤动物群落结构的动态变化进行了研究,探讨了城市绿地土壤动物多样性的变化规律,以期为土壤环境的生物学评估提供参考。结果表明:共捕获土壤动物2305头,隶属于23个类群,总密度为19565头·m^(-2);其中优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲,分别占总捕获量的49.41%和33.62%,A/C值为1.5;常见类群为原尾纲、双尾纲、少足纲、倍足纲、线蚓科和线虫纲,合计占总捕获量的12.80%;土壤动物的垂直分布呈现明显的表聚性特征,土壤动物在0~5 cm土层中的密度显著高于5~15 cm土层(P<0.05),且随着土层加深,Shannon多样性指数减小,Simpson优势度指数增大;土壤动物的垂直分布情况存在季节性差异,其中夏季土壤动物的总密度最高,Shannon多样性指数最低。The maintenance of urban biodiversity is of great significance to the improvement of urban environment and sustainable development.Soil animals,as a cornerstone and component of biodiversity,are important indicators of urban soil environment.The seasonal dynamics of soil fauna community structure in Shanghai Jing’an Sculpture Park were examined to understand the dynamics of soil animal diversity in urban green spaces and provide scientific reference for biological assessment of soil environment.A total of 2305 individuals of soil animals were captured,belonging to 23 groups,with a total density of 19565 ind·m^(-2).The dominant groups were Acari and Collembola,accounting for 49.41%and 33.62%of the total abundance,respectively,with an A/C value of 1.5.The common groups were Protura,Diplura,Pauropoda,Diplopoda,Enchytraediae,and Nematoda,accounting for 12.80%of the total abundance.Soil fauna showed obvious surface clustering characteristics.The density of soil animals in the 0-5 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in the 5-15 cm soil layer(P<0.05).With the soil layer deepened,the Shannon index decreased and the Simpson dominance index increased.The vertical distribution of soil animals showed seasonal variations,with the total density of soil animals being the highest and the Shannon index being the lowest in summer.

关 键 词：群落多样性 城市绿地 土壤环境 指示生物 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]