视觉和前庭功能对自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员姿势控制能力的影响  

The Influence of Vision and Vestibular Function on the Postural Control Ability of Freestyle Skiing Athletes

作　　者：娄彦涛[1] 李艳辉[1] 郝卫亚[2] LOU Yantao;LI Yanhui;HAO Weiya(Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳体育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2021年第3期19-28,共10页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(20180550436)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨视觉、前庭功能对自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员姿势控制能力的影响。方法:利用多功能旋转椅和芬兰Metitur平衡分析系统,对18名(男、女各9名)运动员进行姿势控制的抗干扰测试。选取人体压力中心的侧方稳定性Vx、前后方向稳定性Vy和多方稳定性R为测试指标。按性别(男、女性)、站立方式(左腿和右腿站立)和感觉条件(6种)分为3个因素,采用3因素(2×2×6)重复测量方差分析检验不同因素对姿势控制能力差异性的影响。结果:1)各因素的主效应均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),站立方式×感觉条件的交互作用在Vy指标上具有显著性差异(P<0.05);2)各种感觉条件均造成姿势控制能力显著性降低(P<0.01),降低程度为:闭眼+抬头>睁眼+右转>睁眼+左转>闭眼>睁眼+抬头>睁眼;3)侧方稳定性Vx干扰显著性>前后方稳定性Vy(P<0.01);4)向右旋转干扰显著性>向左旋转(P<0.01);抬头条件下干扰男子显著性>女子(P<0.01);5)双重感觉干扰显著性>单一感觉干扰(P<0.01)。结论:前庭旋转的干扰严重降低运动员的姿势控制能力,该项目运动员在前庭旋转的干扰时存在特异性。Objective:To explore the influence of vision and vestibular function on the postural control ability of freestyle skiing aerial athletes.Methods:Using the multi-functional rotating chair and Finland Metitur balance analysis system,18 athletes(9 male and 9 female respectively)were tested for anti-interference of postural control.The lateral stability Vx,the front and back stability Vy and the multiple stability R of the human body pressure center were selected as the test indicators.According to gender(male,female),standing pattern(left leg or right leg)and sensory conditions(6 kinds),it was divided into 3 factors.Three-way ANOVA(2×2×6)with repeated measures was used to test the influence of different factors on the difference of postural control ability.Results:1)There was a significant difference in the main effect of each factor(P<0.05),and a significant difference in the interaction between standing pattern and sensory condition(P<0.05);2)all kinds of sensory conditions significantly reduced the ability of postural control(P<0.01),and the degree of reduction was:closed eyes+head up>open eyes+right turn>open eyes+left turn>closed eyes>open eyes+head up>open eyes;3)the side stability Vx interference was significantly higher than that of the front and back stability Vy(P<0.01);4)the interference of right rotation was significantly greater than that of left rotation(P<0.01);and under the condition of head up,the interference of male was significantly higher than that of female(P<0.01);5)double sensory interference was significantly higher than that of single sensory interference(P<0.01).Conclusions:The interference of vestibular rotation seriously reduces the postural control ability of athletes,and the athletes in Aerials have specificity in the interference of vestibular rotation.

关 键 词：自由式滑雪空中技巧 优秀运动员 姿势控制 视觉 前庭功能 感觉系统 

分 类 号：G863.1[文化科学—体育训练]