丝路之畔的赫尔墨斯  

Hermes Along the Silkroad

作　　者：段晴[1] Duan Qing

机构地区：[1]北京大学

出　　处：《新丝路学刊》2020年第1期1-14,共14页Journal of New Silk Road Studies

摘　　要：本文以介绍收藏在新疆洛浦县博物馆的氍毹开场,点出作为祭坛的氍毹所反映的多元文明甚至可以追溯到苏美尔时代。随即展开对赫尔墨斯的专题讨论。第一节借鉴了欧美学者的研究成果,指出希腊神话的赫尔墨斯起源于苏美尔文明的蛇神。第二节运用比较的方法分析了洛浦氍毹上的以及古典希腊神话的赫尔墨斯之形象的异同。第三节重点分析了山东博物馆藏《胡汉交战》汉画像石的画面,认为画面上的“胡人”正是斯基泰/塞种人。图像上出现了风神、斯洛沙神,反映了斯基泰/塞种人的宗教信仰。而画像石底部的赫尔墨斯,并非是纯粹意义上的古希腊的赫尔墨斯神。这一赫尔墨斯神的身上有浓郁的斯基泰/塞种人的风格。而这一独特风格的形成,源于斯基泰/塞种人自身文明的悠久历史,源于他们对美索不达米亚文明甚至更加古老的苏美尔文明的记忆。This paper is revised based on an English version read on the 9th Conference on Ibadi Studies held at Peking University in September 2018.It starts with a very brief introduction of the myth-carpets of the Lop museum in Xinjiang which contain rich multi-civilisational phenomena that can be traced back even to ancient Sumerian era.However,the main topic of this paper is focused on Hermes.The first section cites from Frothingham,a former professor of art history and archaeology of Princeton University,with the aim to strengthen the thesis that Hermes has a Babylonian origin as the snake god.The second section points out to the difference of the figure of Hermers on the two carpets of Lop museum from that of the Greek one's as usually known.In the third section the stone portrait designed as'Hus and Hans at war'is discussed in detail.It is stated that on the stone portrait,the Hus were actually the Scythians or Sakas,and there are illustrations of Vayu,the wind god,and Srau?as,two warrior gods which betray not so much the influence of the ancient Iranian religion as of the religious believing of Scythians or Sakas.At the bottom of the stone portrait,Hermes is depicted with two snakes.Howver,this Hermes is strongly portaited in a style of Scythians or Sakas,for he bears some features which seem to be remnants strongly suggesting their stem from the remote Sumerian civilization.

关 键 词：氍毹神坛 赫尔墨斯 蛇神 《胡汉交战》画像石 风神 斯基泰/塞种人 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]