铝电解槽炭质固体废弃物综合利用进展  

Progress in Comprehensive Utilization of Carbon Solid Waste in Aluminum Electrolytic Cell

作　　者：刘艳 胡广艳 孙伟[1] 张烨[1] 王丽[1] LIU Yan;HU Guangyan;SUN Wei;ZHANG Ye;WANG Li(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《矿产保护与利用》2021年第1期166-171,共6页Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：国家重点研究开发项目(2018YFC1901901);国家自然科学基金项目(U1704252,51704329);湖南省战略性含钙矿产资源清洁高效利用重点实验室(2018TP002);战略性金属矿产资源清洁高效利用协同创新中心;国家选矿重点实验室(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2019-18)。

摘　　要：铝电解槽中产生的炭质固体废弃物属于有毒有害废弃物,废阳极炭粒和废阴极炭块的处理技术已成为近些年研究热点。依据国内外研究进展,笔者针对不同炭质固体废弃物的组成,采取与之相应的处理手段以除去有害组分,并回收有价组分。在了解废旧阳极炭粒和废旧阴极炭块的基础上,简述了国内外目前处理铝电解槽炭质固体废弃物的主要方法,可归纳为焙烧法、鼓泡流化床法、碱熔法、真空冶炼法、浮选法、浸出法、高温法和安全填埋法,简述其中具有代表性的处理工艺及其优缺点,并做出了总结与展望。The solid carbon waste generated in aluminum electrolytic cell is toxic and hazardous waste.The treatment technology of waste anode carbon particles and waste cathode carbon blocks has become a research hotspot in recent years.On the basis of research progress at home and abroad,the author adopted corresponding treatment measures to remove the harmful components and recover the valuable components according to the composition of different carbon solid wastes.Based on the understanding of waste anode carbon particles and waste cathode carbon blocks,the main methods for treating carbon solid waste of aluminum electrolytic cells at home and abroad are briefly described,which can be summarized as roasting method,bubbling fluidized bed method,alkali fusion method,vacuum smelting method,flotation,leaching,high temperature method and safe landfill method.The representative treatment processes and their advantages and disadvantages are briefly described,and a summary and prospect are made.

关 键 词：铝电解槽 阳极炭粒 阴极炭块 资源化利用 

分 类 号：X756[环境科学与工程—环境工程]