抗菌药不良反应及不合理用药因素分析  

Analysis of Adverse Reactions and Irrational Drug Use of Antibacterial Drug

作　　者：邓昕[1] 王丽[1] 周淑娟[1] DENG Xin;WANG Li;ZHOU Shu-juan(Department of Medicine,the Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou,Zhengzhou 450035,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市第六人民医院药学部,郑州450035

出　　处：《中国合理用药探索》2021年第3期21-25,共5页Chinese Journal of Rational Drug Use

摘　　要：目的:探究本院抗菌药物不良反应的发生特点,分析不合理用药的影响因素,为临床安全用药提供依据。方法:收集本院2016年1月~2019年12月上报的150例抗菌药物不良反应病例为研究对象,对患者的一般资料、给药途径、涉及药物品种、临床表现以及转归情况进行分析。结果:在150例病例中,男性患者(83例,55.33%)较女性(67例,44.67%)多;<10岁(28例,18.67%)以及70~80岁的患者(25例,16.67%)较多;给药途径为静脉滴注的病例数(80例,53.33%)最多;头孢菌素类抗菌药物引发的不良反应占比最高(58例,38.67%),其中头孢唑肟占比最大(17例,11.33%);不良反应以引起皮肤及其附件不适最为常见(42例,28.00%)。药物不良反应的转归情况,治愈者104例(69.33%)、好转46例(30.67%)例;不合理用药因素,药物剂量不合理(66例,44.00%)、不符合抗菌药物使用指征(38例,25.33%)、药物选择不合理(46例,30.67%)。结论:临床医护人员对抗菌药物不良反应的认识与重视程度有待增强,同时应加强对抗菌药物使用的监管与控制力度,尽量避免或者减少不良反应的发生。Objective:To explore the characteristics of adverse reactions of antibiotics in our hospital,and analyze the influencing factors of unreasonable drug use,thus to provide basis for clinical medication safety.Methods:150 cases of adverse drug reactions caused by antibiotics reported in our hospital from January 2016 to December2019 were collected.The general information,route of drug administration,drug varieties involved,clinical manifestations and outcome of the patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 150 cases,the number of male patients(83 cases,55.33%)was higher than that of female patients(67 cases,44.67%).Most patients aged younger than 10 years old(28 cases,18.67%)or between 70 and 80 years old(25 cases,16.67%).The number of patients with intravenous infusion(80 cases,53.33%)was the highest.Of all types of drugs involved,Cephalosporins accounted for the highest proportion(58 cases,38.67%).Cefezoxime accounted for the highest proportion(17 cases,11.33%),considering the specific drugs used.skin and its accessories discomfort were the most common types of adverse reactions(42 cases,28.00%).Regarding the outcome of adverse drug reactions,104 cases were cured(69.33%)and 46 cases were improved(30.67%).The reasons for unreasonable drug use included unreasonable drug dosage(66 cases,44.00%),inconformity to indications of antibiotics(38 cases,25.33%),and unreasonable drug selection(46 cases,30.67%).Conclusion:Clinical medical staff should enhance the awareness and attention of the adverse reactions of antibiotics,and strengthen the supervision and control of the use of antibiotics to avoid or reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

关 键 词：抗菌药 不良反应 不合理用药 因素分析 临床现状 

分 类 号：R969[医药卫生—药理学]