人工智能发明创造中的专利侵权困境及其应对  

Dilemma and Countermeasures of Patent Infringement in Artificial Intelligence Invention and Creation

作　　者：孜里米拉·艾尼瓦尔 Zilimila Ainiwaer(Intellectual Property Research Center,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2021年第4期140-149,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：教育部国家外国专家局项目“高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划)”(B18058);国家留学基金委2019年创新型人才国际合作培养项目。

摘　　要：专利发明创造领域的人工智能技术是一种仿生算法程序,其通过自身的认知计算系统来模仿人类智能,使系统具有像人类一样的创新思考能力来进行发明创造活动。人工智能在发明创造过程中,为了满足技术功能的需要,有可能涉及实施他人的专利,同时也有可能生成与他人专利并无实质性差别的发明,导致存在侵犯他人专利权的潜在风险。尽管人工智能发明创造过程中的专利侵权呈现出多主体、多步骤的分离式侵权特点,看似适用直接侵权或者间接侵权规则来认定侵权均存在法律障碍,但其实质是直接侵害了专利权人的利益。建议引入控制与指挥规则作为全面覆盖原则的补充,成为人工智能专利侵权认定的重要依据,通过分析各方主体之间是否存在独立的侵权人控制或指挥其他主体,来确定一个实际侵权人承担专利直接侵权责任。在弱人工智能时代,人工智能未完全脱离于人类主体的控制,从保障技术发展的安全性角度看,人工智能所有者承担专利侵权责任不失为一种权宜之举。Artificial intelligence technology in the field of patent invention creation is a kind of bionic algorithmic program, which imitates human intelligence through its own cognitive computing system, so that the system has the ability to think innovatively like human beings to carry out invention creation activities.In the process of invention and creation, artificial intelligence may involve the implementation of others’ patents in order to meet the needs of technical functions, and may also generate inventions that are not substantially different from others’ patents, leading to the potential risk of infringement of others’ patents.Although the patent infringement in the process of artificial intelligence invention and creation presents the characteristics of multi-agent and multi-step of divided infringement, it seems that there are legal obstacles to apply direct infringement or indirect infringement rules to determine the infringement, but in essence, it directly infringes the interests of the patentee.It is suggested to introduce the control and command rule as a supplement to the full coverage principle to become an important basis for the determination of patent infringement in artificial intelligence invention and creation.It determines that an actual infringer is liable for direct patent infringement by judging whether an independent infringer controls or directs other subjects between the parties.In the era of weak artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence is not completely separated from the control of human subjects, and from the perspective of safeguarding the safety of technological development, it is best solution for the owner of artificial intelligence to bear the liability of patent infringement.

关 键 词：人工智能 专利侵权认定 分离式侵权 控制与指挥规则 专利侵权责任承担 

分 类 号：D923.42文献标识码:A[政治法律—民商法学]