根系生态位差异对生态系统的影响  

Research progress on the effects of root niche differences on ecosystems

作　　者：李慧[1] 何宜璇 斯日木极 王宝杰 刘克思[1,2] LI Hui;HE Yixuan;Sirimuji;WANG Baojie;LIU Kesi(College of Grass Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Ecosystem in Guyuan,Guyuan 076550,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河北沽源076550

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第3期501-513,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501902、2018YFF0213405)。

摘　　要：根系对于植物、群落及生态系统都具有重要的作用,同样外界环境也会对植物产生影响,二者相互作用。拥有较高植物多样性的群落,其根系生态位差异对整个群落的生物量、根系分布、土壤结构及营养资源分配均会产生不同程度的影响,而这些影响会决定群落的物种共存和生态稳定等情况,本文对国内外与根系相关的文献进行总结后得出:1)物种多样性较高的群落其生产力较高,且随着物种丰富度的增加,群落生物量的增加与深根植物根系生物量的增加关系更加密切;2)物种丰富度不同的群落会导致植物根系生态位垂直分布,因此根系分泌物及根系性状会影响土壤团聚体等结构特征和养分利用情况,达到改善土壤营养的目的,同时浅、深根系物种有利于物种共存和更好地利用土壤资源;3)根系的互补和选择效应均会对生态系统产生作用,且随着物种多样性的增加,互补效应增强,选择效应降低,互补效应被认为是增大资源利用率的关键,同时发现互补效应会受到群落中特定物种和竞争之间相互作用的影响。本文简要概述了根系对陆地生态系统的相关影响,并对根系研究做一定的展望,指出了根系生态学研究两点值得关注的内容,包括:1)群落对垂直分布的地下根系性状变化的影响还有待进一步验证、明确;2)由于根系采样较难,今后的研究要多与现代分子技术和影像技术相结合,更好展示地下根系状态。Root systems play an important role in plants,communities,and ecosystems,and plants are also influenced by the external environment.For communities with high plant diversity,root niche differences have different impacts on the biomass,root distribution,soil structure,and nutrient resource allocation of the entire community,which in turn determine species coexistence and community ecological stability.In this study,after summarizing domestic and foreign literature relating to root systems,we drew the following three conclusions.1)Communities characterized by higher species diversity have higher productivity,and with an increase in species richness,an increase in community biomass is closely related to an increase in the root biomass of deep-rooted plants.2)In communities characterized by different species richness,there will be vertical distribution of the root niche.Consequently,root exudates and root traits will affect the structural characteristics of soil aggregates and nutrient utilization,thereby improving soil nutrition.Furthermore,the co-occurrence of shallowand deep-rooted species is conducive to species coexistence and a more effective use of soil resources.3)Both root complementation and selection effects will have an effect on the ecosystem,and with an increase in species diversity,the complementation effect will increase and the selection effect will decrease.This complementary effect is considered to be a key factor with respect to increasing resource utilization.In this study,we examined the impact of the interactions between specific species and competition in the community,and briefly summarized the effects of root systems on terrestrial ecosystems.On the basis of our findings,we propose further research on root systems,with a particular focus on the following two areas of root ecology research.1)The influence of the community on variations in the vertical distribution of underground root characters needs to be further verified and clarified.2)Given the difficulties associated with sampling roots,

关 键 词：生态位分化 物种丰富度 生物量 根系性状 资源分配 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]