LEGAL THOUGHTS IN DYNASTIES OF XIA, SHANG AND ZHOU  

夏商周时期法律思想研究

作　　者：Song Lijue Ma Xiaohong 宋丽珏;马小红(School of Foreign Studies of East China University of Political Science and Law;Renmin University of China Law School)

机构地区：[1]School of Foreign Studies of East China University of Political Science and Law [2]Renmin University of China Law School

出　　处：《China Legal Science》2021年第2期3-26,共24页中国法学（英文版）

摘　　要：Previous study of Chinese Law put less emphasis on the relations between faith of Heaven and Spirits in the ancient Chinese society and its laws. Many scholars considered the lack of faith in Chinese civilization, to which they attributed the weaknesses of laws in practice,a chronic illness of China’s traditional laws. To clarify these issues through tracing back to its source, the study explores the development of Divine Law Era in Chinese history, i.e. dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou. Xia was the formation period of the theocratic law, while Shang was the prosperous period. Zhou was the period of vacillation, which was also the fundamental turning point of failure in forming the religious faith as that in other civilizations. It was the early separation from the control of Spirits in Chinese civilization that prevented China from religious disputes and conflicts in other civilizations. Inhuman persecution of heretics by laws was also prevented. Therefore, the ancient Chinese society could achieve its highest level of civilization and maximum equality.以往的中国法研究,较少关注古代社会天、神之信仰与法律的关系。诸多研究将中华文明缺乏宗教视为传统法律的痼疾,将现实中法律不如人意之处归咎为缺乏"法律信仰"的传统。为正本清源,文章对中国神权法时代,尤其指夏商周时期的法思想发展进行梳理:夏乃神权法形成期,商是兴盛期,周则既是动摇期亦是没有形成其他文明中出现的宗教信仰的根本转折时期。正是由于中华文明较早的脱离了神的控制,才避免了发生在其他文明中的宗教纠纷和战争以及法律对异教徒非人道的迫害,从而达到古代社会所能达到的最高程度的文明和最大范围的平等。

关 键 词：神权法 法律信仰 中华文明 夏商周时期 宗教纠纷 异教徒 兴盛期 根本转折 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]