基于同步挤压改进短时傅立叶变换的分频蚂蚁追踪在断裂识别中的应用  

The application of frequency division ant tracking based on synchronous extrusion improvement of short time Fourier transform in crack detection

作　　者：黄苇 周捷 高利君 王胜利[1] 严海滔 HUANG Wei;ZHOU Jie;GAO Li-Jun;WANG Sheng-Li;YAN Hai-Tao(Exploration and Development Research Institute,Northwest Oilfield Company,China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation,Urumqi 830011,China;School of Geophysics,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]成都理工大学地球物理学院,四川成都610059

出　　处：《物探与化探》2021年第2期432-439,共8页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题“塔河深层碳酸盐岩内幕储层地震预测应用研究”(2017ZX05005004-008)。

摘　　要：在地球物理领域,时频分析方法在资料处理过程中占据着愈发重要的位置;运用分频属性检测断层、裂缝等应用广泛;因此,寻求更高精度的时频分析方法一直是地震信号处理领域所追求的目标。改进短时傅立叶变换方法由于窗函数的限制导致时频分析结果准确度不理想,为了更大限度地提升时频分辨率,对改进短时傅立叶变换后的时频谱进行挤压,发展了同步挤压改进短时傅立叶变换;根据合成信号结果可知,同步挤压改进短时傅立叶变换其时频汇聚程度更加明显,在刻画信号的时频特征上更有优势。理论表明,地震数据高频成分可以对微小的次生裂缝进行精确的雕刻,而蚂蚁追踪技术是检测裂缝、断层信息的有效手段。因此,本文基于高分辨的时频分析方法,并结合蚂蚁追踪技术对三维数据体进行裂缝预测,结果表明:该方法可以更好地勾勒出微小裂缝以及伴生褶皱,识别精度与传统蚂蚁追踪算法相比有了明显的提高,同时也证实了该方法在实际应用中可行且有效。Since the application of the time-frequency analysis method in the field of geophysics,it has been favored by geophysicists and is widely used to detect faults and cracks.Therefore,seeking for time-frequency analysis methods with higher precision has become the goal pursued in the field of seismic signal processing.The improved short-time Fourier transform method has low accuracy of time-frequency analysis due to its own window function limitation.In order to improve the time-frequency resolution to a greater extent,the authors squeezed the time-spectrum values after the improved short-time Fourier transform,and developed synchronous extrusion improved short-time Fourier transform.The synthetic signal analysis results show that synchronous squeeze improved short-time Fourier transform has higher time-frequency convergence,and can more accurately characterize the time-frequency characteristics of the signal.The theory shows that the high-frequency components of seismic data can accurately engrave tiny secondary cracks,and ant tracking technology is an effective means to detect crack and fault information.Therefore,based on the high-resolution time-frequency analysis method and the ant tracking technology,the authors predicted the three-dimensional data volume of the South China Sea by cracks.The results show that the method can describe the micro-cracks and associated folds well,and the recognition accuracy is obviously improved as compared with the algorithm of the traditional ant tracking method,thus proving the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.

关 键 词：高分辨率 时频分析 微小裂缝 次生裂缝 蚂蚁追踪 裂缝预测 伴生褶皱 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]