西藏类乌齐县野生藏药植物资源多样性及其保护利用  

Diversity of Wild Tibetan Medicinal Materials Plant Resources and Its Protection and Utilization in Rioche County,Tibet

作　　者：危永胜 苏岩[1,2] 刘翔[1,2] 巴丁南加 扎西达瓦 瞿显友[1,2] Wei Yongsheng;Su Yan;Liu Xiang;Bading Nanjia;Zhaxi Dawa;Qu Xianyou(Chongqing Key Lab. of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China;Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400065, China;Tibetan Hospital of Rioche County, Chamdo 855600, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市中药研究院重庆市中药资源学重点实验室,重庆400065 [2]中国中医科学院,中药资源中心(重庆分中心),重庆400065 [3]类乌齐县藏医院,西藏昌都855600

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2021年第3期85-90,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：重庆市科技局技术创新与应用发展专项:青藏高原中藏药资源调查保护研究(cstc2018jscx-mszdX0128);国家中医药管理局中医药公共卫生服务补助专项“全国中药资源普查项目”【No.财社[2018]43号】。

摘　　要：为摸清类乌齐县野生藏药植物资源,为野生藏药植物资源的保护、开发利用和系统研究提供科学依据。本研究根据类乌齐县植被情况,结合藏医院藏药专家野外采集经验,采用样线调查法,记录出现的野生植物信息,并采集当地常用藏药植物标本。结果表明:类乌齐县共有野生植物56科170属332种,单种及寡种科属比例较高,总体分化趋势较弱;生活型主要为草本类型,占比高达87.65%,而草本类型中又以多年生草本为主;北温带分布及其变型为其属的主要分布区类型,占比48.82%;主要保护名录共收录保护及受威胁物种17种,收录于《红色名录》的中国特有种116种,占其总收录品种比例高达42.49%;省级新分布(西藏新分布),共有8科10种。在采集的221种野生藏药基源植物中,入药部位为全草的数量最多,占比35.83%;药用功效为清热类的占比56.11%,远大于其余类别。Line transects of systematic sampling were used to survey situation of wild plants and collect the local commonly plants as specimens.This survey was based on the vegetation condition of Riwoqe County and the rich field collection experience of experts in Tibetan medicine hospital.By this way,we can find out the actual situation of wild Tibetan medicinal plants resources and provide scientific basis for Tibetan medicinal resources protection,development and utilization,and systematic research.The results showed that the actual situation of wild Tibetan medicinal plants were weak in overall trend of differentiation and high in proportion of family or genera with single or oligo species.There were 332 species of wild plants belonging to 170 genera,56 families in Riwoqe county.Herb type was the main biotype with 87.65%,relying mainly on the perennial herb.The north temperate zone and its transformation was the main distribution type of wild species in every genera,accounting for 48.82%.There were 17 species in the main protection list as protected and threatened species,and 116 species endemic to China were included in China Biodiversity Red List,accounting for 42.49%of the total species.A new records with 10 species in 8 families were showed in provincial level(new records in Tibet).Among the 221 species of Tibetan wild medicinal materials,the whole herb as the medicinal part was the most,accounting for 35.83%.The proportion of Tibetan medicinal materials with the medicinal efficacy of clearing heat accounted for 56.11%,more than others.

关 键 词：类乌齐县 藏药 多样性 保护利用 新分布 

分 类 号：R29[医药卫生—民族医学]