喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体及其同源四倍体的表型性状比较  

Comparison of Phenotypic Traits Between Wild Diploid and Its Autotetraploid in Dactylis glomerata subsp. Himalayensis

作　　者：黄梅芬[1] 张美艳[1] 薛世明[1] 吴梦霞[1] 匡崇义[1] 徐驰[1] 钟绍丽 钟声[1] HUANG Mei-fen;ZHANG Mei-yan;XUE Shi-ming;WU Meng-xia;KUANG Chong-yi;XU Chi;ZHONG Shao-li;ZHONG Sheng(Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Sciencc,Yunnan Kunming 650212,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南昆明650212

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第2期244-249,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金项目(2010ZC229);云南省重点新产品开发计划“鸭茅牧草新品种选育”(2012BB010);云南省重点研发(农业领域)项目(2018BB028);云南省现代农业草产业技术体系草地生态岗位专项基金(2017KJTX0018);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才(2019HB035);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CAR-34);云南省“云岭产业技术领军人才”(云发改人事[2015]1495号)。

摘　　要：【目的】对喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体及其同源四倍体的表型性状差异进行评价,旨在获得不同倍性鸭茅种质的表型性状基础数据。【方法】采用个体测定方法对花期供试单株的分蘖数、繁殖枝数、叶长宽、节长、花序长宽、种子大小、千粒重、单株重等30个指标进行测定,并进行t检验分析。【结果】喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体经过染色加倍后的同源四倍体,其表型性状指标中的营养蘖数、繁殖枝数、旗叶长、基部茎宽、单株干重和千粒重分别比喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体增加45.25%(P<0.05)、21.70%(P<0.05)、12.40%(P<0.01)、88.24%(P<0.01)和27.64%(P<0.01),叶长、穗叶距、花序长、叶绿素亦呈小幅增加(P>0.05),但基部节长明显变短33.91%(P<0.01)、节数减少8.64%(P<0.05)、植株变矮5.64%(P>0.05);在花序、小穗和种子形态方面,鸭茅同源四倍体的花序长而紧凑,小花数增加7.32%(P<0.05)、小穗数增加2.30%(P>0.05)、小穗变长11.05%(P<0.01)、种子变长10.60%(P<0.01)、种子数减少23.66%(P<0.01)。【结论】染色体倍性的增加,鸭茅表型性状中分蘖数、繁殖枝数、基部茎宽、旗叶长、小穗长和小花数明显增加,种子变大,单株的干重和千粒重也明显提高,但鸭茅植株的基部节长变短、节数减少明显,改善了植株的生产性能和抗倒伏性。【Objective】The objectives of this study were to evaluate the different phenotypic traits between the wild diploid and its autotetraploid of Dactylis glomerata subsp.Himalayensis in order to obtain the basic data of phenotypic traits of different ploidy chrosomes of cocksfoot germplasm.【Method】Thirty indicators of different ploidy cocksfoot such as the number of tillers,number of propagated shoots,leaf length and width,internode length,inflorescence length and width,seed size,1000-seed weight,single plant weight were measured by individual plant,and experimental data were analyzed by t-test.【Result】Compared with phenotypic traits of the wild diploid of D.subsp.Himalayensis,the number of tillers,number of generative shoots,flag leaf length,stem width,dry weight per single plant and thousand seed weight of autotetraploid cocksfoot had been increased by 45.25%(P<0.05),21.70%(P<0.05),12.40%(P<0.01),88.24%(P<0.01)and 27.64%(P<0.01),respectively,and the length of leaf and panicle,the distance from flag leaf to inflorescence,chlorophyll were also slightly increased(P>0.05).However,the length of basal internode,the number of internodes and the height of plant were significantly shorten by 33.91%(P<0.01),8.64%(P<0.05)and 5.64%(P>0.05),respectively.In terms of inflorescence,spikelet and seed morphology,the panicle of autotetraploid were long and compact,the number of floret per spikelet and spikelet per panicle increased by 7.32%(P<0.05)and 2.30%(P>0.05),the length of spikelet and average seed length increased by 11.05%(P<0.01)and 10.60%(P<0.01),and the number of seed per panicle decreased by 23.66%(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Phenotypic traits of D.glomerata subsp.Himalayensis,such as the number of tillers,propagated shoots and florets,basal stem width,and length of flag leaf and spikelet were significantly increased along with rising of chromosome ploidy,and also clearly increased at seed size,dry weight of individual plant,1000-seed weight,respectively,and the length of basal internode and number of internodes we

关 键 词：鸭茅 倍性 营养性状 繁殖性状 表型指标 

分 类 号：S543[农业科学—作物学]